SUMMARYThis paper presents the results of model calibration conducted on a historical mosque called Hafsa Sultan in Manisa, Turkey. The finite element model of the mosque was calibrated by the use of the results obtained from ambient vibration tests of the structure. In order to develop a solid model of the structure, the dimensions of the structure, defects such as cracks and material degradations in the structure, and the materials used in different parts were identified. For the evaluation of the material properties of the structure, nondestructive and destructive testing methods were used. The numerical and experimental modal parameters of the structure were obtained by finite element method (FEM) and Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), respectively. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes were obtained from both FEM and OMA and compared with each other. While a good compatibility was achieved between mode shapes, some differences between natural frequencies occurred. It was thought that the differences resulted from variations in the Young's modulus of masonry, cracks in elements or boundary conditions. Therefore, the finite element model was calibrated by changing material parameters. Finally, a more realistic numerical model of the mosque was put forward and the results were discussed in detail.
The interaction between soil and structure plays a crucial role on accurate determination of structures' seismic behavior. The assumption of fixed base structure has been commonly used in traditional design works, and the interaction between soil and structure is thus often neglected. In addition, historical masonry structures particularly built on elastic soil media may be significantly affected seismic behavior of the structure under earthquakes. In this research, the damage distribution on a historical masonry minaret is numerically investigated under horizontal earthquake ground motion. AlacaMosque minaret was built in 1271 in Bolvadin district of Afyon province. The historical masonry minaret was chosen as the subject of the study. Nonlinear seismic time history analyses were conducted for fixed-based and different soil properties under horizontal earthquake ground motion. The horizontal (East-West) component acceleration records of Dinar earthquake (Mw = 6.1) that took place on October 10, 1995, were used during the analyses. Maximum displacement, maximum/minimum principal stresses, and damage ratios were determined by nonlinear analyses performed considering fixed base and soil-structure interaction. The analysis results showed that soil-structure interaction had significant effect on the structural behavior of the minaret, such that, the minaret that was expected to get damage in the case of fixed base did not get any damage when soil-structure interaction was considered. KEYWORDS damage plasticity, earthquake ground motion, masonry minarets, nonlinear seismic behavior, soilstructure interaction
Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) method is frequently used in order to determine dynamical properties of historical masonry structures. In this study, damage pattern of historical Alaca minaret which is selected as application is investigated under different ground motions by updating finite element models (FEM) depending on operational modal analysis test. Initial Finite element model was prepared in ABAQUS V10 program and numerical dynamic characteristics of minaret were determined. In addition, experimental dynamic properties of minaret were provided by operational modal analysis. Initial numerical model of brick masonry structure was calibrated via OMA method. Then, linear and non-linear seismic analyses of calibrated FEM of historical minaret were performed by using different earthquakes acceleration records that occurred in Turkey. Concrete Damage Plasticity model was taken into account in non-linear seismic analyses. As a result of the analyses, it is concluded that the stresses obtained with linear analyses aren’t as realistic as the non-linear analyses results and the earthquakes can cause some damages in the minaret.
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