Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease, if not treated properly, will cause various complications. Entering the age of 40 years and above, patients with DM disease begin to show progress toward the occurrence of complications. Hence, DM patients need to know about the appropriate self-management of diabetes through diabetes self-management education (DSME). This systematic review aimed to identify the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education in middle-aged patients (40-64 years) with type 2 DM.
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic non-communicable diseases that has currently been very common, in particular Diabetes Mellitus type 2 that threatens public health. It has been included in the category of the six biggest causes of worldwide death, but self-control of treatment and obedience to self-care is still low. One of the influencing factors is related to the lack of knowledge. Providing ongoing health education is one of the solutions or efforts to strengthen knowledge in type 2 diabetes. The aim was to identify the various health education methods currently used by nurses and their impacts on type 2 DM. The method used is a literature review. The literature was searched on data based on Scopus, Web of Science, SAGE, CINAHL with the keywords methods or interventions, education, health, nursing, and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Fifteen (15) pieces of literature were considered to meet the criteria inclusion. Results: Three (3) types of health education methods used by nurses were identified: 1). Direct health education refers to providing education by nurses to patients through training, coaching, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and home visits; 2). Indirect Health Education - using mobile phones; 3). The mix of direct health education and the use of mobile phone-based applications is carried out with the application of mobile health technology and nurse health coaching. The impact of providing health education by nurses to type 2 diabetic patients: increasing of knowledge, behavioral change on preventing diabetes complications, increasing self-efficacy, increasing self-care activities (diet management, physical activity, monitoring blood sugar levels, and foot care). Conclusion: various methods of health education carried out by nurses currently have a positive impact on improving and increasing self-care management and efforts to prevent complications in type 2 diabetes.
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