The impact of increasing body mass index (BMI) on development and progression of chronic kidney disease is established. Even implantation kidney biopsies from obese living donors demonstrate subtle histologic changes despite normal function. We hypothesized that kidneys from obese living (LD) and deceased donors (DD) would have inferior long-term allograft outcomes. In a study utilizing US transplant registry, we studied adult kidney transplant recipients from 2000 to 2014. Donors were categorized as BMI <20 (underweight), 20-25 (normal), 25-30 (overweight), 30-35 (mildly obese), and >35 kg/m 2 (very obese). Our outcome of interest was death censored graft failure (DCGF). Cox proportional hazards model were fitted separately for recipients of DD and LD kidneys, and adjusted for donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics, including donor and recipient size mismatch ratio. Among 118 734 DD and 84 377 LD transplants recipients, we observed a significant and graded increase in DCGF risk among the overweight (LD:HR = 1.06, DD:HR = 1.04), mildly obese (LD: HR = 1.16, DD:HR = 1.10), and very obese (LD:HR = 1.22, DD: HR = 1.22) compared to normal BMI (P < 0.05). The graded effect of donor BMI on outcomes begins early and persists throughout the posttransplant period. Donor obesity status is an independent risk factor for inferior long-term renal allograft outcome despite adjusting for donor and recipient size mismatch and other donor, recipient, and transplant factors.
Highlights
Biological and biochemical changes resulting spraying WKB plant with ZnO-NPs.
WKB significantly decreased each of body & liver weight, and food efficiency ratio.
WKB supplementation had no deleterious effects either on kidney and liver function.
The presented study investigates the protective role of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) in attenuating benzene-induced toxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with benzene (0.5 mL/kg body weight ip) and received a diet supplement containing Zn and Se. Several hematological and biochemical parameters (representing antioxidant status) were estimated. Histopathological examinations were performed. Results showed that food intake and body weight gain of benzene-injected rats were significantly lower than that of the control rats. Benzene-injected rats showed increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased activity of: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) when compared to the control group. Histopathological investigations revealed structural changes in benzene-injected rats' liver. Supplementation with Zn and Se resulted in a significant decrease in MDA, elevation in GSH, GSH-Px, SOD and catalase levels. This study shows that Zn and Se supplementation can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats and decrease the histological anomalies induced by benzene toxicity as well.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common upper extremity neuropathy. The disease initially manifests as a sensory disorder in the form of paresthesia, numbness, or tingling of the fingers. The diagnosis is usually made based on history and clinical symptoms, which are confirmed using nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography. More recently, ultrasound has gained more use in CTS diagnosis due to its advantages, which include patients' comfort during diagnosis, better visualization of anatomy and nerve forms directly, and cost-effectiveness. However, a literature review shows that the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound over NCS is still in question; therefore, the present systematic review was carried out to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to NCS and electromyography.A systematic literature search was performed on five electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. The search strategy limited the retrieval of literature published between 2000 and 2022. Of the 1098 articles retrieved from the electronic databases, only 12 met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of outcomes from the included studies showed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.88) and 0.90 (0.83, 0.96), respectively. On the other hand, combing the outcomes of electromyography and NCS resulted in sensitivity and specificity values of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and 0.77 (95% CI; 0.64, 0.90), respectively.The results show that ultrasound has comparable sensitivity and slightly higher specificity than NCS and electromyography; therefore, ultrasound can be used as an alternative diagnostic test for CTS. However, it cannot replace NCS and electromyography since more research needs to be done on doubtful and secondary cases of CTS.
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