The performance analyses of 15 kWp (kW peak) Grid -Tied solar PV system (that considered first of its type) implemented at the Training and Energy Research Center Subsidiary of Iraqi Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad city has been achieved. The system consists of 72 modules arranged in 6 strings were each string contains 12 modules connected in series to increase the voltage output while these strings connected in parallel to increase the current output. According to the observed duration, the reference daily yields, array daily yields and final daily yields of this system were (5.9, 4.56, 4.4) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The energy yield was 1585 kWh/kWp/year while the annual total solar irradiation received by solar array system was 1986.4kWh/m2. The average power losses per day of array, system losses and overall losses were (1.38, 0.15, 1.53) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The average capacity factor and performance ratio per year were 18.4% and 75.5% respectively. These results highlighted the performance analyses of this PV solar system located in Baghdad city. The performance can be considered as good and significant comparing with other world PV solar stations.
Maximised power output and efficiency in a photovoltaic (PV) system for specific conditions can be obtained by using a maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT). Many tracking algorithms have been developed for this purpose. This paper presents the design and methodology used to create a photovoltaic charge controller that uses the algorithm developed for maximum power point tracking. The charge controller presented in this work is not only designed to maximise the power from the solar module but also contains added features that make the system beneficial to the researcher. The suggested system has used Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT method for the design and implementation. In this technique, the controller delivers the PWM (pulsewidth modulation) signal using the Arduino microcontroller to regulate the voltage. A DC-DC (direct current-direct current) synchronous Buck converter is used to interface the PV module with the load. The results are gained for two systems:-using a microprocessor controlled MPPT operating from a PV module, and a PV module connecting directly to the load. It is found that the MPPT is effective, providing the highest power to the operating load under changing outdoor conditions. The experimental results indicate that for cloudy days, it is suitable to use MPPT control, which that will enhance the PV production power compared to situation in which the PV module is directly connected to a fixed resistance.
A generalized enthalpy-temperature correlation for a group of liquid compounds has been developed to represent the data for a wide range of temperatures. Detailed analysis shows that the proposed correlation fits the experimental measurements of enthalpy of liquid with the calculated values with an overall absolute error of 3.7% for 79 data points.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.