Tourism domain requires its actors not only to well communicate using foreign languages but also understand the proper politeness strategies. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative research is to figure out the best tourism actors' linguistic politeness strategies to the Japanese tourists in Kuta beach. This research employs Brown and Levinson's politeness theory (1978, 1987) supported with the Japanese speech levels (Kaneko, 2014). The research data are collected through an observation method with the techniques of recording, listening and writing various interactions between the tourism actors and Japanese tourists. Based on the domain, taxonomy, component and cultural thematic analysis (Spradley, 1997), the research resultshows that the phenomenaof the implemented linguistic politeness due tothe sequences of conversation structurewithin the informal situations generally get into themain conversational contents directly without introductionfirst or closing. In this context, the positive politeness strategy is dominating as a service language to the Japanese tourists. However, in the other context, it is also found that some utterance data use first introduction at the beginning of conversation in brief. In this context, the positive politeness strategy is also dominating. At the beginning of direct speech, the researcherdoes not only find the form offutsuugo but alsoteineigomarkers with negative politeness strategy through the respectful linguistic form markersof teineigo (neutral), that is,the use of apology and common polite words at the beginning of speech. In addition to both strategies, there are also bald onrecord and off-record strategywhich depend on the context of situations following each speech event.
This research analyzes request expressions in Japanese language in correlation with situational factor. Situational factor may be related to age, position and closeness level factors. The request expressions analyzed are conversations in the context of services, about how a request expression is said by a speaker (the one to give service) to hearer (the one to receive service). The objective of a request expression is to persuade the hearer to do what the speaker instructs. If the request language used does not comfort the hearer, it is likely that the objective of a request expression is not communicated.
This research studies Japanese keigo in the office domain, a case study at XXX Corporation Japan. Keigo consists of sonkeigo, kenjougo, and teineigo. Each of those speech levels is going to be analyzed based on linguistic and nonlinguistic factors. In this qualitative research, the data are in form of natural conversations gained by using several techniques such as recording, observation, and interview. Natural conversations were obtained through the recording process done with a tape recorder at XXX Corporation. There were 20 respondents coming from business fields to fill in the questionnaire and five informants for the interview.This research shows that keigo has lexical, morphological, and syntactical verbal markers. There are some nonlinguistic factors influencing the implementation of keigo in the office domain, especially the position gap and age.
Language belongs to human. In a communication, human as language owner may position themselves as messenger (speaker), message recipient (interlocutor) or as a person who is the object of speech (object of conversation). In Japanese speech community, human must implement their position in communication based on honorific language usage principle. They must proficiently choose language with regard to lexical and grammatical concerns, as well as consider social factor underlying the communication. Expressions human use in Japanese honorific language principle significantly influences the convenience of communication, as the determinant whether or not they are acceptable in the community. This study will analyze Japanese honorific language journey by domains. Honorific language (known as keigo) first appears in the literary work Genji Monogatari. Its language choice and sentence patterns show their difference with common/neutral language, particularly to specialize the language referred to the Emperor. The next domain is family, in which Japanese quite differently calls their own family (uchi) from other's family (soto), but this shifts along with time. The education domain differentiates the language referred to student and teacher. This also takes place in business/office domain, in which language is quite differently used based on one's position in a company. Due to the religious domain, human being as the servants of Allah show their respect to the Creator by praising Allah through a respectful language contained in Al Quran which is translated into Japanese language as the realization of Islamic followers to communicate with Allah (habluminallah).
Penggunaan tingkat tutur hormat keigo wajib digunakan dalam bisnis Jepang, salah satunya domain pariwisata, ketika berkomunikasi melalui media online, yaitu media sosial. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan keigo dari driver guide ketika berkomunikasi dengan wisatawan Jepang melalui media sosial. Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Badung dan Gianyar karena mempertimbangkan intensitas kunjungan wisatawan Jepang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kabupaten lainnya di Bali, sehingga banyak masyarakat bekerja dalam domain pariwisata, salah satunya berprofesi sebagai driver guide. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menyimak, mencatat interaksi driver guide, serta didukung teknik wawancara mendalam. Data dalam bentuk tertulis melalui media sosial, yaitu Whatshapp, Line, dan Instagram. Berdasarkan analisis domain, taksonomi, komponensial, dan analisis tema budaya, dengan mempertimbangkan kekuasaan, jarak sosial, tingkat pembebanan, dan situasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan keigo dari driver guide tidak konsisiten karena ditemukan kekeliruan dalam menggunaan keigo dan bentuk futsuugo pada bahasa tulis di media sosial. Driver guide masih belum memahami pola interaksi melalui media online yang berbeda dengan komunikasi lisan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor lintas budaya pada bahasa, sistem kelompok berdasarkan pada konsep uchisoto, sistem komunikasi dan struktur kalimat yang berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia. Namun, meskipun kemampuan berbahasa Jepang secara tertulis sangat kurang, driver guide mampu memberikan pelayanan informasi secara positif melalui media online sebagai bentuk layanan jasa serta sikap ramah ketika merespons pertanyaan melalui media sosial yang digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi, sehingga komunikasi dapat berjalan baik. Temuan ini dapat dijadikan evaluasi bagi driver guide untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Jepang, khususnya berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa tulis melalui penyuluhan dari Dinas Pariwisata Bali.
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