this research is aim to provide design and prototype of rotary electrical controled drumdrier machine for drying organic fertilizer to increased production capacity and quality by using a source of heat energy from electricity. This machine consists of five main components i.e. drying cylinder, heating unit, support frame, engine and transmission system. Engine specifications are high 130 cm, 720 cm long, and 120 cm wide, cylinder diameter 60 cm, power engine 14 hp, and heating temperature 142 oC. engine performance test are: capasity 805,03 kg/hours, drying rate 27,40 %/hours, noise level 81,54 db. cost analysis result are operational cost 155,06 Rp/kg and Break Event Point 159.219,73 kg/years
Pemupukan dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara yakni manual dan mekanis. Pemupukan manual menghasilkan aplikasi pupuk yang beragam dan membutuhkan tenaga kerja yang banyak. Peralatan pemupuk berbentuk tugal belum efisien untuk proses pemupukan, maka perlu adanya alat yang dapat mempermudah proses pemupukan tanpa memerlukan waktu dan tenaga yang terlalu banyak. Alat penabur pupuk butiran tipe gendong adalah salah satu alat untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pada proses pemupukan tanaman terutama tanaman palawija. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan rancang bangun, analisa kinerja, dan analia ekonomi alat penabur pupuk butiran tipe gendong. Alat penabur pupuk butiran tipe gendong dibuat dan diujicobakan di Bengkel Logam dan Lahan Percobaan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh pada bulan Juni hingga September 2020. Pembuatan alat dilakukan memenuhi rancangan struktural dan fungsional. Spesifikasi alat penebar pupuk butiran tipe gendong hasil rancangan adalah sebagai berikut: berat alat 2 kg, jarak kerja alat 25 cm, kedalamam kerja alat, 3-5 cm, material hopper terpal, volume hopper 5 kg, material outlet PVC. Hasil uji kinerja alat penabur pupuk butiran didapatkan kapasitas kerja efektif sebesar 0,0379 ha/jam, kapasitas kerja teoritis adalah 0,0532 ha/jam, sehingga efisiensi kerja alat penabur pupuk butiran adalah 71,24%. Hasil analisa ekonomi didapatkan biaya tetap alat sebesar Rp. 500.000,-/tahun. Biaya tidak tetap sebesar Rp. 10.675/jam, biaya pokok penaburan pupuk butiran sebesar Rp. 287.150/Ha. Break event point/titik impas adalah sebesar 4,225 Ha/tahun.
The selling price of thinly sliced young areca nut is higher than that round areca and splited areca nut, but the manual slicing process takes a long time, about 8 minutes/kg, and this process has a high risk. The young areca nut slicing machine was developed to solve the problem of manual slicing. The purpose of the research is to conduct machine design, machine testing (verification test, machine performance test, service test), and economic analysis. The young areca nut slicing machine was made and tested at the Metal Workshop and Agricultural Machine Tool Laboratory of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic from June to September 2021. The machine was made according to structural and functional designs. Verification tests were carried out with the aim of technically matching the data with the results of machine measurements. Parameter measurements were carried out to explain the performance of the young areca slicing machine. The parameters measured were: slicing capacity, slicing quality (average thickness and percentage of damage), specific power requirements, and power transmission efficiency. Economic analysis was carried out to explain fixed costs, variable costs, basic costs, and the break-even point. The results of the verification of the areca nut slicing machine are that with vertical type, specifications 65 x 45 x 75) cm, the driving motor is a 1 HP electric motor with a rotation speed of 1480 RPM that is transmitted through a v-belt connected to a pulley speed reducer and transmitted via a v-belt to slicer shaft. The results of the slicing capacity performance test are 50 kg/hour, slicing quality (4.2 mm thickness, and 8 percent broken percentage), the specific power requirement is 0.015 kw-hour/kg and the power transmission efficiency of 8.6%. The results of the economic analysis of the areca nut slicing machine are: fixed costs of IDR of 1,425,000/year, variable costs of IDR 11,397/hour, basic cost of IDR 239,8/kg, and the break-even point of IDR 1.845,7 kg/year. The developed areca nut slicing machine can increase the capacity, quality, and effectiveness of slicing young areca nut.
Penelitian tentang rancang bangun prototipe mesin penyiang mekanis pada budidaya tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) system of rice intensification (SRI) dilaksanakan pada bulan Febuari sampai dengan April 2009. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menciptakan sebuah prototipe mesin penyiang gulma padi sawah mekanis yang efisien dan berkapasitas tinggi, sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani sehingga dapat mengatasi masalah keterbatasan tenaga kerja untuk melakukan penyiangan gulma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode rancang bangun yang menggunakan pendekatan hubungan sebab akibat, diagram alir proses, pembuatan model matematis. Perancangan konsep produk, dimulai dengan analisis kebutuhan, blok diagram dan analisis validasi. Analisis validasi mesin melihat kinerja mesin keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas efektif penyiangan 0,0547 ha/jam, efisiensi lapang 49,37 %, kehilangan waktu belok 32,03 %, tingkat kerusakan tanaman 7,7 %, gulma tidak tersiangi 3,12 %. Daya motor terpakai 2,52 Hp, tingkat kebisingan dalam batas diizinkan. Penyiangan dengan mesin tergolong kerja sedang. Hasil analisis ekenomi menunjukan biaya pokok penyiangan per hektar Rp. 463.322,67 dengan BEP penyiangan 29,03 ha per tahun, NPV Rp. 7.139.779,01 dan B/C Ratio 1,093 pada tingkat suku bunga 10 %, yang berarti mesin layak digunakan. Agar mesin dapat diterima di masyarakat, perlu sosialisasi, penyempurnaan sistem transmisi, penggunaan material lebih ringan serta perlu pengaturan jarak dan kelurusan barisan tanam agar tercapai kinerja mesin yang optimal.
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