Diagnosis using physical examination, angiography and treatment with embolization or ligation of the DRA can be performed with great success in an outpatient setting.
Embolization can play an important role in controlling epistaxis. However, one must be careful to avoid nontarget embolization via the dangerous anastomoses between the ECA branches, the carotid siphon, and ophthalmic arteries.
Sharp needle recanalization is an effective percutaneous treatment for restoring function to hemodialysis accesses with chronically occluded venous outflow pathways.
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