Objectives:
To determine impact of an acupressure protocol on self-rated pain and anxiety scores.
Design:
Retrospective database analysis of self-rated pain and anxiety scores before and immediately after administration of stress release acupressure protocol.
Participants:
Participants include hospitalized patients, nurses, and public.
Intervention:
Involves a 16-point stress release acupressure protocol.
Outcome measures:
Outcome measures involve pre- and post-treatment self-rated pain scores (0–10) with the Wong-Baker Faces Scale and pre- and post-treatment self-rated anxiety scores (0–10) on a visual analog scale.
Results:
Five hundred and nineteen acupressure treatments were retrospectively analyzed with pre- and post-treatment self-rated pain and anxiety scores, where 0 represented no pain or anxiety and 10 represented the worst pain and anxiety. Overall, participants demonstrated a two-point decrease in pain scores and a four-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Hospitalized patients demonstrated a four-point decrease in pain scores and a five-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Nurses demonstrated a three-point decrease in pain scores and four-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Public population demonstrated a one-point decrease in pain scores and two-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Seventy-five percent of participants were highly satisfied with acupressure treatments, and 96% of treatments were administered in less than 30 minutes.
Conclusions:
Acupressure is a highly satisfactory complementary therapy that can demonstrate a clinically significant decrease in self-rated pain and anxiety scores.
Objective. To design and assess the use of a pharmacy student delivered preceptor development (SDPD) program.Methods. An SDPD program was developed to ensure all preceptors received documented preceptor development. A menu of discussion topics and associated teaching sheets were created by the school's Office of Experiential Education (OEE). On each rotation, Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students led discussions with their preceptors on a topic chosen by the preceptor and submitted documentation of the education. Preceptors answered a survey related to the amount of information and time required of the SDPD program, their preference for different formats of preceptor development, one important thing learned through the SDPD program, and future development topics of interest. Students were interviewed regarding their perceptions and use of the SDPD program. Results. A novel SDPD program resulted in documentation of preceptor development for all APPE rotations. Seventynine preceptors (31% response rate) participated in the survey. Preceptors agreed they were able to customize their preceptor development (M=3.7, SD=0.84), incorporate what they learned into practice (M=3.7, SD=0.74), it was a convenient format (M=4.0, SD=0.66), and the SDPD was valuable to prepare students to be future preceptors (M=4.2, SD=0.64). Students reported the SDPD improved their confidence in communicating with a supervisor and prepared them for precepting.Conclusion. An SDPD program improved documented preceptor development. The program allowed preceptors to customize development opportunities in a convenient format. It was perceived positively by preceptors who would recommend the SPDP model to other schools of pharmacy for preceptor development.
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