BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is a defense response of the body to a cellular damage caused by physical, chemical or biological agents, which triggers, among other factors, pain. Although inflammation plays an important role in the protection and regeneration of tissue injury, inflammatory pain results in decreased quality of life. In view of this, the development of safe and less invasive forms for the treatment of inflammatory pain is of great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antihyperalgesic potential of the culture supernatant of keratinocytes and human fibroblasts in an experimental model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. METHODS: Evaluation of carrageenan induced inflammatory hyperalgesia through the use of electronic von Frey in animal models treated with culture supernatant of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS: Local administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid antagonist, in peripheral tissue, has been observed to inhibit the antihyperalgesic effect of the keratinocyte culture supernatant. Fibroblast culture supernatant on days 1 and 3 reverses for 2 hours the carrageenan induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, which is mediated by µ opioid agonist. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that culture supernatant of fibroblasts and keratinocytes is capable of inducing antinociception in inflammatory hyperalgesia, mediated by the release of Evaluation of the keratinocytes or fibroblasts culture supernatant in an inflammatory hyperalgesia model Avaliação do sobrenadante da cultura de queratinócitos ou fibroblastos em modelo de hiperalgesia inflamatória
Although the predilection for Toxoplasma gondii to form cysts in the nervous system and skeletal and heart muscles has been described for more than fifty years, skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) have not been explored as a host cell type to study the Toxoplasma-host cell interaction and investigate the intracellular development of the parasite. Morphological aspects of the initial events in the Toxoplasma-SkMC interaction were analysed and suggest that there are different processes of protozoan adhesion and invasion and of the subsequent fate of the parasite inside the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Using scanning electron microscopy,Toxoplasma tachyzoites from the mouse-virulent RH strain were found to be attached to SkMCs by the anterior or posterior region of the body, with or without expansion of the SkMC membrane. This suggests that different types of parasite internalization occurred. Asynchronous multiplication and differentiation of T. gondii were observed. Importantly, intracellular parasites were seen to display high amounts of amylopectin granules in their cytoplasm, indicating that tachyzoites of the RH strain were able to differentiate spontaneously into bradyzoites in SkMCs. This stage conversion occurred in approximately 3% of the PVs. This is particularly intriguing as tachyzoites of virulent Toxoplasma strains are not thought to be prone to cyst formation. We discuss whether biological differences in host cells are crucial to Toxoplasma stage conversion and suggest that important questions concerning the host cell type and its relevance in Toxoplasma differentiation are still unanswered.
Background Malaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion through donations collected from asymptomatic donors. Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) poses a great risk to blood services worldwide. A good screening tool for Plasmodium spp. detection in blood banks must have a high sensitivity for prevention of TTM. However, in Brazilian blood banks, screening for malaria still relies on microscopy. Methods In Brazil, screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), RNA/DNA for hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses is mandatory for every blood donation and uses nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of an assay for malaria to identify Plasmodium sp. from total nucleic acid (TNA; DNA/RNA) by targeting the 18S rRNA gene of the parasite. Results Considering the limitations of microscopy and the wide availability of the Brazilian NAT platform in the screening of blood units for HIV, HCV, and HBV, a molecular diagnostic tool was validated for detection of Plasmodium sp. in blood banks; a pilot study showed that using this novel NAT assay could reduce the risk of TTM. Conclusion The prototype HIV/HCV/HBV/malaria NAT assay was effective in detecting infected candidate donors and has good prospects to be applied in routine screening for preventing TTM.
ResumoO artigo inclui na discussão sobre os resultados da promoção da saúde um argumento de natureza epistemológica, levando em consideração o contexto contemporâneo de mudanças econômicas, políticas e culturais do qual ela é parte e expressão. Destacam-se, por um lado, as suspeitas que recaem sobre o projeto da Modernidade, sejam elas decorrentes do crescimento das incertezas ou da irrealização de promessas e, por outro lado, as tentativas de equacionamento do binômio determinação/autonomia, como questões sensíveis a uma ruptura dos modos de conhecer na contemporaneidade. Propõe-se considerar a dinâmica social e abordá-la como a união e a tensão da história feita e da história se fazendo, para melhor compreender o alcance e os resultados da promoção da saúde. A conclusão é que a promoção da saúde deve continuar buscando o desenvolvimento de ações cada vez mais efetivas, mas deve fazê-lo sem abdicar da possibilidade de manter-se próxima da energia social livre e em ebulição, que caracteriza o elemento instituinte de uma produção histórica. Palavras-chave: Promoção da Saúde; Contemporaneidade; Modernidade; Avaliação.
In 2014, the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS) underwent a participatory review process, with collaboration of public managers, participants of social movements, professors and researchers from universities. In this process, it was necessary to know and analyze how the contributions of the various actors involved occurred and how they were incorporated into the new version of the Policy. The aim of this study is to discuss the contribution of universities to the review of the National Health Promotion Policy. Using the Delphi technique, questionnaires were sent by e-mail to the research group leaders of the Brazilian universities; the e-mails were sent in two rounds, and the second round was only conducted after analysis of cases of consensus and dissent in relation to the first. Based on the analysis of the forms, it was concluded that the universities' contributions to the new National Health Promotion Policy are related to its structure, principles and values, objectives, priority themes, and operational axes. Keywords: Health Promotion; Health Policy; Social Policy; Public Policy; Research Groups. Resumo Em 2014, a Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde passou por um processo participativo de revisão, que teve como colaboradores gestores públicos, participantes de movimentos sociais, professores e pesquisadores de universidades. Nesse processo, foi necessário conhecer e analisar como se deram as contribuições dos diferentes atores envolvidos e como elas foram incorporadas à nova versão da Política. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a contribuição das universidades na revisão da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde. Utilizando-se a técnica Delphi, questionários foram enviados, por correio eletrônico, a líderes de grupos de pesquisa das universidades brasileiras; o envio foi organizado em duas rodadas, tendo a última sido realizada somente após a análise dos consensos e dissensos da primeira. A partir da análise dos formulários, concluiu-se que as contribuições das universidades à nova Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde estão relacionadas à sua estrutura, princípios e valores, objetivos, temas prioritários e eixos operacionais. Palavras-chave: Correspondence
O WhatsApp, uma das mídias sociais mais populares no mundo e parte da revolução digital das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), vem mudando as relações sociais. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do WhatsApp na qualidade de vida dos professores do ensino fundamental. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 51 professoras, que trabalham em seis escolas particulares no sul de São Paulo. Dois questionários diferentes foram usados para coletar os dados do estudo: (1) questionário de práticas de uso do WhatsApp e (2) questionário para avaliar a qualidade de vida WHOQOL-Bref. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelo software estatístico GraphPad Prism®, evidenciam influências negativas ou positivas associadas ao propósito do uso e das reações emocionais provocadas em seus usuários. Conclui-se que o WhatsApp pode ter influência positiva quando usado moderadamente e influência negativa, se seu uso causar ansiedade ou trouxer distrações de atenção nas atividades diárias. Apresenta-se também como um recurso relevante para promover a saúde e elaborar ações educativas inovadoras.
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