Introduction: Ingrown toenail (IGT) is a common nail disorder that causes discomfort and interferes with most activities. Most cases of IGT require procedural intervention. This study was performed to compare the treatment and cosmetic outcome of partial nail matricectomy (PNM) using CO2 laser versus lateral nail fold excision (LNFE). Methods: This interventional study was performed on 127 patients with IGT that were randomized into two groups. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and treatment results were recorded in both groups. Results: Sixty-two patients with a mean age of 28.23 ± 11.34 years were subjected to PNM and 65 patients with a mean age of 28.92 ± 9.63 years to LNFE. The PNM versus LNFE groups had cure rates of 85.5% versus 78.5%, fair cosmetic outcomes of 67.9% versus 84.0%, and infection rates of 4.8% versus 3.1%. The mean time of pain duration, return to daily activity, and return to work were nearly 3, 4, and 13 days, respectively, in both groups. Conclusions: The treatment outcome was slightly better in the PNM group than in the LNFE group, and vice-versa for the cosmetic outcome. There were nearly similar outcomes in terms of the mean time of repair, pain duration, return to daily activity, and infection rate using both methods.
The aims of this paper is to propose a feasible scheme for preparation of graph states up to six vertices, which are not equivalent under LU (Local unitary) transformations and graph isomorphisms, and special kind of N -atoms graph state (GHZ state, cluster state, ring state and complete state). First we show a two-qubit system (two-atoms with two-levels) how to acquire the maximal entanglement after interaction time t c . Then, we generalize this method to mentioned above cases.
Background: Among non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common. Objectives: We endeavored to assess the recurrence rate of BCC after surgery and compare tumors recurrence based on different aspects. Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study which was analyzed medical records of 154 patients who had Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) from March 2013 to February 2017 in two clinical centers. For finding if the clinical characteristics of the patients have related to tumoral recurrence, we gathered them, including gender and age of the patient, tumor size, site, and its histological type plus the existence of ulcer in malignancy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical software. Statistical difference between proportions was determined by χ2 analysis. Results: The majority of patients (74%) were female (57%) older than 60 years old. Most tumors, based on the histopathological diagnosis, were Infiltrating (43.5%) and nodular and infiltrating (40.3%), respectively. The mean tumor size was 1.81 cm and most of them (74%) were larger than 1 cm. The tumor site was mostly in the nasal (56.5%) followed by the cheek (11%). Most patients (96.8%) had one lesion. The recurrence rate was 1.9%. The mean interval between surgeries to recurrence was 13 months. There was no significant difference between recurrence rate and age, sex, tumor type in terms of clinical diagnosis, tumor location, tumor size, number of lesions, and type of tumor (P < 0.05). Conclusions: the rate of recurrence of BCC in patients treated with MMS is low (1.9%). We recommend the utilization of the MMS technique for the treatment of BCC.
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