We present a case of carotid glomus paraganglioma incidentally detected using 18 F-choline PET/CT in a 63-year-old man with prostate cancer. 18 F-choline PET/CT scan demonstrated a small area of 18 F-choline uptake (SUV max , 2.3) in the right parapharyngeal space of the neck, later diagnosed as paraganglioma with low proliferation index. 18 F-choline PET/CT may represent a valid alternative for studying paraganglioma when either 18 F-DOPA or 68 Ga-SSA are not available.
Over the last several years, molecular imaging has gained a primary role in the evaluation of patients with brain metastases (BM). Therefore, the “Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology” (RANO) group recommends amino acid radiotracers for the assessment of BM. Our review summarizes the current use of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers in patients with BM, ranging from present to future perspectives with new PET radiotracers, including the role of radiomics and potential theranostics approaches. A comprehensive search of PubMed results was conducted. All studies published in English up to and including December 2022 were reviewed. Current evidence confirms the important role of amino acid PET radiotracers for the delineation of BM extension, for the assessment of response to therapy, and particularly for the differentiation between tumor progression and radionecrosis. The newer radiotracers explore non-invasively different biological tumor processes, although more consistent findings in larger clinical trials are necessary to confirm preliminary results. Our review illustrates the role of molecular imaging in patients with BM. Along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the gold standard for diagnosis of BM, PET is a useful complementary technique for processes that otherwise cannot be obtained from anatomical MRI alone.
The sensitivity of CAISS in identifying patients with abnormal cytology grades was 0.906, 0.902, 0.918 in the SYSMH internal, GWCMC external and TAHGMU external validation datasets, respectively. In prospective validation dataset, the CAISS showed similar sensitivity (0.946 vs 0.909, p¼ 0.304) and AUC (0.947 vs 0.948, p¼0.952) to cytotechnician, and CAISS-assisted achieved better sensitivity, than cytotechnician alone (p¼ 0.024; p¼ 0.0006). In randomized controlled dataset, the specificity and accuracy of CAISS-assisted were significantly outperformed CAISS (0.989 vs 0.854, p< 0.001; 0.990 vs 0.861, p< 0.001), and no statistical difference in sensitivity between CAISS and cytotechnician (p¼ 0.552).Conclusions: In this study, CAISS achieved high sensitivity for diagnosing cervical cytology grade that rivals cytotechnicians' performance, and help cytotechnicians improve diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy to a higher level, which could improve the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening.
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