Chili pepper is widely used and cultivated by Indonesian people. There are three species of chili pepper, i.e. Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum violaceum. C. frutescens has a higher economic value due to its pungency and carotenoid content. C. frutescens has several cultivars, one of those is C. frutescens cv. Cakra Hijau. This cultivar is resistant against pest and disease and has very high pungency. This special character of chili pepper is capsaicin, its secondary metabolic. Moreover, capsaicin also serves as defense mechanism, antiarthritis, analgesic, and anticancer. This study was aimed to isolate acyltransferase (AT3) gene which encoded capsaicin synthase (CS) enzyme. AT3 gene was isolated through PCR using forward primer 5'-ATG GCT TTT GCA TTA CCA TCA-3' and reverse primer 5'-CCT TCA CAA TTA TTC GCC CA-3'. Data were analyzed using DNA Baser, BLAST, and ClustalX. This study has successfully isolated 404 bp fragments of AT3 gene. These fragments are located at 1918-1434 bp referred to AT3 gene from C. frutescens cv. Shuanla. The isolation of upstream and downstream fragments of AT3 gene from C. frutescens cv. Cakra Hijau is undergoing.
This research aimed to increase the success rate of self-pollination in sweetpotato through sucrose treatment on stigma and pollen nuclei check. Various concentration of sucrose was applied on the stigma. Prior to the crosses, the stigma was excised and lubricated with sucrose. Pedicel was lubricated with 100 ppm of 2,4 D in lanolin. The result showed that the stigma of both varieties was longer than the anther. Papua Solosa showed 94,7% anther dehiscence and 70, 25% pollen viability; whereas MSU 03028-10 showed 87, 3% anther dehiscence and 87, 84% pollen viability. Both of these varieties showed receptive stigma. Sucrose level in compatible pollination was lower than in incompatible pollination. Sugar in 50 ppm concentration can increase the formation of fruit in self-pollination of Papua Solosa varieties from 0% to 70%; 0% to 60% in self-pollination of MSU 03028-10; and 10% to 90% of Papua Solosa>
Information literacy is a fundamental aspect to ease students in encompassing the knowledge-making process as well as empowering their capacity in using and creating various information and knowledge products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of integrating information literacy rubric with Project-Based Learning on students’ learning outcomes in Structure of Plant Development course. This quasi-experimental research used a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study was the all biology department undergraduate students at the Universitas Negeri Malang in 2018/2019 academic year. The sample consisted of 120 students which were divided into two groups (control and experiment). The data gained was analyzed using one-way ANCOVA. The results showed that Project-Based Learning which was integrated with information literacy rubric had a significant impact on biology students’ learning outcomes. Based on the findings, it is suggested that educators should provide a proper strategy as an effort to support their students’ learning outcomes.
Flavonoids belong to the largest group of a phenolic compound found in plants. The presence of these flavonoids is significant for the plants themselves such as protecting plants from UV-B, insect pests, biotic, and abiotic stresses. More than 10,000 varieties of flavonoids have been already identified. Several plants can synthesize flavonoids, one of which is ferns. Cosmopolitan ferns are found in tropical and subtropical regions like Baluran National Park. The ecosystem in Baluran National Park has components that can show different sensitivity level to the factors influencing the environment, either in terms of biotic and abiotic factors. Same species of plants in different environments can be different significantly in their secondary metabolite content. The primary purpose of this research was to determine the types of flavonoids ferns in Baluran National Park. This study was conducted in April-June 2018. The extraction of samples was conducted using 96% methanol solvent and the analysis using the thin layer chromatography. The results showed the fourth type of flavonoid rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, and quercertin contained in Pseudocyclosorrus ochthodes (Kunze) Holttum, Phymatodes scolopendria (Burm.) Ching. Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.), except routine not found in Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl.) Kuntze Beddome. Pteris vittata L. does not contain all four types. Types of flavonoids from ferns in Baluran National Park are routine, hyperoxide, quercitrin and quercetin.
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