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Tuberculosis (TB), with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as the causative agent, remains to be a serious world health problem. Traditional methods used for the study of Mtb in the lungs of TB patients do not provide information about the number and functional status of Mtb, especially if Mtb are located in alveolar macrophages. We have developed a technique to produce ex vivo cultures of cells from different parts of lung tissues surgically removed from patients with pulmonary TB and compared data on the number of cells with Mtb inferred by the proposed technique to the results of bacteriological and histological analyses used for examination of the resected lungs. The ex vivo cultures of cells obtained from the resected lungs of all patients were largely composed of CD14-positive alveolar macrophages, foamy or not, with or without Mtb. Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and multinucleate Langhans giant cells were also observed. We found alveolar macrophages with Mtb in the ex vivo cultures of cells from the resected lungs of even those TB patients, whose sputum smears and lung tissues did not contain acid-fast Mtb or reveal growing Mtb colonies on dense medium. The detection of alveolar macrophages with Mtb in ex vivo culture as soon as 16–18 h after isolation of cells from the resected lungs of all TB patients suggests that the technique proposed for assessing the level of infection in alveolar macrophages of TB patients has higher sensitivity than do prolonged bacteriological or pathomorphological methods. The proposed technique allowed us to rapidly (in two days after surgery) determine the level of infection with Mtb in the cells of the resected lungs of TB patients and, by the presence or absence of Mtb colonies, including those with cording morphology, the functional status of the TB agent at the time of surgery.

The article examines the U.S. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), analyzes its transformation and modernization. SNAP is one of the most efficient social programs in the USA, which influences social as well as micro-and macroeconomics indicators.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (MMSC) and hepatic stellate (HSC) cells on liver regeneration after resection. Research has been carried out on laboratory animals of mature and old age. After the subtotal resection of the liver, MMSC and HSC were introduced in the tail vein in the amount of 4 million cl/kg of body weight and 9 million cl/kg of body weight respectively. Evaluation of reparative liver regeneration was performed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th days after subtotal liver resection. Features of reparative liver regeneration in mature and old organism were revealed. In mature organism against the background of combined cell transplantation, regeneration activation is achieved by increasing cellular and intracellular regeneration mechanisms. In this case, the old organism responds to cell transplantation by activating only intracellular mechanisms. In both age groups, decreased mutagenesis and inhibition of programmed cell death against the background of MMSC cotransplantation and HSC were observed.

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