SUMMARYObjective: The aim of the research was to assess the oral hygiene habits in the elderly group of study population of Southern Poland. Methods: The study was conducted in dental services in two selected cities in Southern Poland. The group of subjects consisted of 664 respondents (272 men, 392 women) aged 65 to 81 years. Oral hygiene was measured with the author's anonymous questionnaire consisting of twenty questions. Questions related to information on personal history and general health, comorbidities, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, taking drugs and the state of oral hygiene practices as frequency of visits to the dentist and the number of own teeth.Results: The majority of the subjects had higher n = 240 (36.1%) and secondary n = 219 (33%) education and were predominantly n = 590 (89%) professionally inactive (retirees or pensioners). No significant differences were found between the groups: women and men. But there were differences in technologies used, the examined men significantly often used computer in comparison with the women's group. In total, 19.6% had own natural teeth only, 45.0% own teeth and dentures, 30.0% dentures only, and 5.4% neither teeth nor dentures. Majority of subjects brush their teeth or dentures only 1-2 times a day (80%) and visit the dentist less than once in 2 years or once a year (75%). Women significantly more often stated use of a toothbrush and taking care of oral hygiene and compared to men, they declared higher number of own teeth.Conclusion: People aged over 65 neglect hygiene and oral care. Women pay more attention to oral hygiene and they have more own teeth than men. The most frequent cause of oral hygiene neglect in the elderly could be gender, the socio-economic conditions, behaviour habits and lack of sufficient health education. The dentist may need to consult with the patient's GP the development of the appropriate personalised treatment plan for the elderly. Young dentists need to be educated in order to provide appropriate dental care to the elderly.

Advances in genomics, molecular pathology and metabolism have generated many candidate biomarkers of colorectal cancer with potential clinical value. Epidemiological and biological studies suggest a role for adiposity, dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinemia, altered glucose homeostasis, and elevated expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis members in the risk and prognosis of cancer. This review discusses some recent past and current approaches being taken by researches in obesity and metabolic disorders. The authors describe three main systems as the most studied metabolic candidates of carcinogenesis: dyslipidemias, adipokines and insulin/IGF axis. However, each of these components is unsuccessful in defining the diseases risk and progression, while their co-occurrence increases cancer incidence and mortality in both men and women.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) found in the body comes from two sources: food consumed and lipid peroxidation occurring in the tissues. The formation of MDA and the scale and rate of lipid oxidation in the tissues of living organisms is influenced by a number of endo-and exogeneous factors. The products of lipid peroxidation, in particular MDA, exhibit cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. They can also inhibit enzymes associated with defending cells against oxidative stress. Not only do the occurring processes contribute to the development of many diseases, but they are also a part of the aging process. The body defends itself to some extent against the effects of free radicals by trapping and neutralising them. The main source of antioxidants is food products of plant origin. Lifestyle, the components of which are diet and physical activity, is an important element in preserving health understood as physical and psychological well-being. Dietary habits and a diet rich in antioxidants are modifiable factors which not only prevent age-associated diseases, but also delay aging processes. K E Y W O R D S lifestyle, free radicals, aging ST R ES ZCZ E NI E Dialdehyd malonowy (MDA) w organizmie człowieka pochodzi z dwóch źródeł: spożywanego pokarmu i peroksyda-cji lipidów występujących w tkankach. Powstawanie MDA, a także wielkość i szybkość utleniania lipidów w tkankach organizmów żywych, zależy od wielu czynników endo-i egzogennych. Produkty peroksydacji lipidów, szczególnie

the Silesia region (Poland). The exclusion criteria were as follows: microvascular diabetic complications, history of stroke, depression, or other psychiatric disorders, and alcohol abuse.Telemedicine consultation A semi -structured telephone interview was used in all patients, and this was based on the 5 topic areas: current glycemic control, comorbidities, provision of medicines and food products, compliance with individual protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS -CoV -2) infection, and anxiety associated with the current pandemic. Patients answered specific questions related to currently used medications, fasting, and postprandial glucose levels self -measured on the day of the interview or the day before. Anxiety was examined based on questions about the patient's sense of threat associated with SARS -CoV -2 infection and assessed on a scale of 1 to 4 where 1 meant anxiety experienced all the time, and 4-no anxiety present. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was not diagnosed in the study group.The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki on human experimentation. Data confidentiality and patient anonymity were maintained at all times. Patient -identifying information had been deleted before the database was analyzed. Individual patients cannot be identified either in this article or in the database. Due to the anonymous nature and mandatory collection of information included in the dataset, informed patient consent was not necessary.Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.3 software for

Adamalisynes (ADAMs) play an important role in inter-membrane interactions, cell adhesion and fusion processes and protein shedding from the cell surface. Many reports indicate that members of the ADAMs family are overexpressed in human cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ADAM28 and Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3)) gene expression in colorectal carcinoma tissues with regard to the overweight or obese status of the patients using an oligonucleotide micro array technique. Fresh tissue specimens were obtained from colorectal cancer patients during surgical treatment. Eighteen specimens from tumour and 18 normal tissue specimens from colorectal cancer patients at clinical stages III and IV were analysed. The examined patients were divided into two groups; those with BMI;::25 and those with normal BMI. The control group consisted of 18 specimens of non-neoplastic colon tissues, which were divided between overweight/obese and normal body weight patients. The gene transcriptional activity from the specimens was analysed using an oligonucleotide microarray technique. Microarrays and rinsing and marking solutions were prepared according to the procedure in the Gene Expression Analysis Technical Manual. The following conclusions were made: i) change of ADAM28 and IGFBP-3 genes expression are present in the normal tissue in overweight/obese patients with colorectal cancer only; ii) the observed molecular variability of ADAM28 and IGFBP-3 expression may be an initial process of cancer proliferation; iii) the histopathologically normal surgical margin in this group of patients was not equal to the molecular margin.Adamalisynes (ADAM -a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain), also known as MCDs (metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine rich protein), belong to a large family of zinc-dependent proteins referred to as methizines. Admalisynes is a group consisting of more than 30 type I transmembrane