Long-term care resources would be allocated more cost-effectively if care planning and medical/functional eligibility decisions were grounded more firmly in extant evidence regarding the risk of nursing home placement, hospitalization, functional impairment, and mortality. This article synthesizes the studies that longitudinally assess the predictors of each of these outcomes for the 65 and older population in the United States. A database was assembled containing 167 multivariate analyses abstracted from 78 journal articles published between 1985 and 1998. Findings show that 22 risk factors consistently predict two or more outcomes, including three that predict all four: worse performance on physical function measures not based on activities of daily living, greater illness severity, and prior hospital use. Findings should help prioritize variable selection choices of those setting eligibility criteria, allocating care resources, and doing descriptive studies. Gaps are shown to exist in the understanding of outcome effects of facility, market, policy, and other system attributes.

The Cassini visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) investigation is a multidisciplinary study of the Saturnian system. Visual and near-infrared imaging spectroscopy and high-speed spectrophotometry are the observational techniques. The scope of the investigation includes the rings, the surfaces of the icy satellites and Titan, and the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. In this paper, we will elucidate the major scientific and measurement goals of the investigation, the major characteristics of the Cassini VIMS instrument, the instrument calibration, and operation, and the results of the recent Cassini flybys of Venus and the Earth-Moon system.

Prolonged school closures are one of the most disruptive forces in the COVID‐19 era. School closures have upended life for children and families, and educators have been forced to determine how to provide distance learning. Schools are also an essential source of nonacademic supports in the way of health and mental health services, food assistance, obesity prevention, and intervention in cases of homelessness and maltreatment. This article focuses on the physical and emotional toll resulting from school closures and the withdrawal of nonacademic supports that students rely on. The COVID‐19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on how important schools are for meeting children's nonacademic needs. We argue that when students return to school there will be a more acute and wider‐spread need for school‐based nonacademic services and supports. Further, we expect that COVID‐19 will serve as a focusing event opening a window of opportunity for programmatic and policy change that improves nonacademic services and supports in the future.

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Treatment with perphenazine was less costly than treatment with second-generation antipsychotics with no significant differences in measures of effectiveness. However, the trial was limited by a high dropout rate, and longer-term neurological and metabolic side effects require further study.