The Maternal and Child Health Bureau commissioned the American College of Medical Genetics to outline a process of standardization of outcomes and guidelines for state newborn screening programs and to define responsibilities for collecting and evaluating outcome data, including a recommended uniform panel of conditions to include in state newborn screening programs. The expert panel identified 29 conditions for which screening should be mandated. An additional 25 conditions were identified because they are part of the differential diagnosis of a condition in the core panel, they are clinically significant and revealed with screening technology but lack an efficacious treatment, or they represent incidental findings for which there is potential clinical significance. The process of identification is described, and recommendations are provided.

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Starting with the exact Boltzmann equations for gas mixtures with arbitrary intermolecular potentials, a macroscopic theory of mixtures is obtained. For a binary gas with masses mα, mβ total number density n, viscosity μ, and diffusion coefficient Dαβ, it is shown that the classical Chapman-Enskog theory of mixtures holds when C = 2μ/[(mα + mβ)nDαβ] (which is related to the Schmidt number) is near unity. This criterion delimits the region of validity of the Chapman-Enskog equations. For situations outside the Chapman-Enskog range a new system of equations, referred to as the two-temperature theory, is shown to be valid. The latter includes a new diffusion effect which involves temperature differences. The temperature difference in the Chapman-Enskog regime which becomes higher order is also explicitly obtained. For problems widely removed from equilibrium a two-fluid theory is advanced. The last has the Chapman-Enskog and two-temperature theories as limiting forms in near equilibrium situations. A heat flow problem illustrating the new equations is discussed.