RESUMO -Inga laurina é uma espécie arbórea com ampla distribuição na América do Sul, útil para sistemas agroflorestais, restauração florestal e arborização urbana. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inoculação com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio (N) e da adubação nitrogenada no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de I. laurina. O experimento teve duração de 170 dias, e as mudas foram cultivadas em tubetes plásticos com 115 cm EFFECTS OF INOCULATION WITH DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF Inga laurina (SW.) Willd. (Fabaceae) SEEDLINGSABSTRACT -Inga laurina is a tree species widespread in South America, useful for agroforestry, forest restoration and urban forestry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inoculation with nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria and N fertilization on growth and quality of I. laurina seedlings. The experiment lasted 170 days and the seedlings were grown in plastic tubes with 115 cm 3 capacity, containing a mixture 9:1 by volume of HS Florestal® and coconut coir dust as substrate. Six treatments were tested, with four separate inoculations (Bradyrhizobium japonicum 1 -BJ1, Rhizobium miluonense -RM, Bradyrhizobium japonicum 2 -BJ2 and Burkholderia cepacia -BC), a positive control -C + (without inoculation and with weekly N fertilization, 60 mg dm 3 of N as urea) and a negative control -C -(without inoculation and N fertilization). The treatments with inoculation were ineffective in relation to the growth of seedlings, since the average values of growth variables, specific leaf mass (SLM) and Dixon quality index (DQI) were significantly higher in the C + compared to the other treatments. Nevertheless, the isolates RM and BJ2 were effective in the production of nodules, since they showed 1 Recebido em 17.12.2014 aceito para publicação em 21.10.2015.
Individual leaf area (LA) is a key variable in studies of tree ecophysiology because it directly influences light interception, photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of adult trees and seedlings. We analyzed the leaf dimensions (length -L and width -W) of seedlings and adults of seven Neotropical rainforest tree species (Brosimum rubescens, Manilkara maxima, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria torta, Psidium cattleyanum, Symphonia globulifera and Tabebuia stenocalyx) with the objective to test the feasibility of single regression models to estimate LA of both adults and seedlings. In southern Bahia, Brazil, a first set of data was collected between March and October 2012. From the seven species analyzed, only two (P. cattleyanum and T. stenocalyx) had very similar relationships between LW and LA in both ontogenetic stages. For these two species, a second set of data was collected in August 2014, in order to validate the single models encompassing adult and seedlings. Our results show the possibility of development of models for predicting individual leaf area encompassing different ontogenetic stages for tropical tree species. The development of these models was more dependent on the species than the differences in leaf size between seedlings and adults.Keywords: leaf allometry, leaf size, leaf shape, ontogenetic stage, tree growth. Modelos de regressão para estimativa da área foliar de indivíduos jovens e adultos de espécies arbóreas de floresta neotropical ResumoÁrea foliar individual (AF) é uma variável chave em estudos sobre a ecofisiologia de arbóreas, porque influencia diretamente a interceptação de luz, a fotossíntese e a evapotranspiração das árvores adultas e das mudas. Foram analisadas as dimensões foliares (comprimento -C e largura -L) de indivíduos adultos e de mudas de sete espécies arbóreas de florestas neotropicais (Brosimum rubescens, Manilkara maxima, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria torta, Psidium cattleyanum, Symphonia globulifera e Tabebuia stenocalyx), com o objetivo de testar a viabilidade de modelos de regressão linear para estimar a AF de indivíduos adultos e mudas. No sul da Bahia, Brasil, um primeiro conjunto de dados foi coletado entre março e outubro de 2012. A partir das sete espécies analisadas, apenas duas (P. cattleyanum e T. stenocalyx) apresentaram relações muito semelhantes entre e AF e CL, em ambos os estádios ontogenéticos. Para estas duas espécies, um segundo conjunto de dados foi coletado em agosto de 2014, a fim de validar os modelos únicos que englobam folhas de indivíduos adultos e mudas. Nossos resultados mostram a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de modelos para a predição da área foliar, abrangendo diferentes estádios ontogenéticos para espécies arbóreas tropicais. O desenvolvimento destes modelos foi mais dependente das espécies do que das diferenças entre o tamanho das folhas de mudas e de indivíduos adultos.Palavras-chave: alometria foliar, tamanho da folha, formato da folha, estádio ontogenético, crescimento arbóreo.
The aim of the present study was to calibrate a multi-species model for assessing leaf chlorophyll content in seedlings of six Neotropical rainforest tree species. Two hand-held chlorophyll absorbance meters (SPAD-502 and ClorofiLog) and the chlorophyll normalized difference leaf reflectance index (
Resumo -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de misturas de um substrato comercial e pó de fibra de coco (PFC) no crescimento e na qualidade de mudas de Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae). Tubetes de polietileno foram preenchidos com quatro misturas do substrato comercial HS Florestal® (HSF) e PFC nas proporções: T1 = 100% HSF; T2 = 80% HSF + 20% PFC; T3 = 60% HSF + 40% PFC e T4 = 40% HSF + 60% PFC. Os experimentos foram realizados de forma independente, em presença (experimento I) e ausência (experimento II) de adubação suplementar. Foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento e qualidade das mudas ao final dos experimentos, aos 81 dias (experimento I) e 110 dias (experimento II) após a repicagem. Concluiu-se que o uso da adubação suplementar não apresentou diferenças em crescimento e qualidade das mudas de I. laurina até o percentual de 60% de PFC misturado ao substrato comercial. Sem a adição de adubação suplementar, a mistura com 80% HSF + 20% PFC é indicada para a produção de mudas de I. laurina. Além disso, a ausência de adubação suplementar nitrogenada e a adição de PFC ao substrato estimularam a nodulação. Growth and quality of Inga laurina seedlings as a function of the substrate and additional fertilizationAbstract -The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of a commercial substrate and coconut coir dust (CCD) to grow Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae) seedlings. Polyethylene tubes were filled with four mixtures of a commercial substrate HS Florestal® (HSF) and CCD in the following proportions: T1 = 100% HSF, T2 = 80% HSF + 20% CCD, T3 = 60% HSF + 40% CCD and T4 = 40% HSF + 60% CCD. The experiments were conducted independently, with supplement fertilization (experiment I) and without (experiment II). Seedlings growth and quality were evaluated at the end of the experiments, 81 days (experiment I) and 110 days (experiment II) after transplanting. It was concluded that supplement fertilization presented no differences in the growth and quality of I. laurina seedlings until up to 60% of PFC mixed with commercial substrate. Without supplement fertilization the mix of 80% HSF + 20% PFC is indicate for production of I. laurina seedlings. Moreover, the lack of supplement nitrogen fertilization and addition of PFC to the commercial substrate stimulated nodulation.
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