Climate can modulate human health at large spatial scales, but the influence of global, regional, and local environments remains poorly understood, especially for neglected diseases, such as mycoses. In this work, we present the correlation between climatic variables and hospitalizations for mycoses in Brazilian state capitals, evaluating the period of 2008 to 2016 at different time scales. The results indicate that climate modulates the hospitalizations for mycoses differently at annual and monthly time scales, with minimum temperature as a key climatic variable during periods of high prevalence in the 10 Brazilian capitals with the highest hospitalizations for mycoses rates. The greatest number of hospitalizations coincided with La Niña events, while a reduction was observed during El Niño events, thereby demonstrating the influence of the Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation on the prevalence of mycoses in Brazil. At a regional scale, the mycoses burden in Brazil appears to respond differently to local and global climatic drivers.
As micoses sistêmicas representam um problema de saúde pública no Brasil e são doenças endêmicas em alguns estados, como no Maranhão. São causadas por fungos que estão presentes no ambiente associados ao solo, vegetais, materiais em decomposição e excretas de aves. As condições climáticas podem influenciar a proliferação e a disseminação destes agentes, contribuindo com o aumento do número de casos de internações. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre as condições climáticas e as internações por micoses em São Luís (MA), no período de 1998 a 2016. Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade CEUMA, a coleta de dados secundários referentes aos aspectos climáticos e de internações por micoses foi realizada em bases nacionais. A análise de Correlação de Spearman foi aplicada para os dados mensais de internações por micoses e precipitação ou temperatura máxima/ mínima. Foram registrados 786 casos de internações por micoses em São Luís, no período avaliado. Uma correlação positiva entre a precipitação (p< 0,05) e o número de internações por micoses foi observada, enquanto para as temperaturas mínima (p< 0,05) e máxima (p> 0,05), as correlações foram negativas. Os resultados deste estudo destacam que quanto maior a temperatura, menor o número de internações por micoses em São Luís. Este estudo destaca a importância da vigilância epidemiológica das micoses no Estado do Maranhão e da avaliação da modulação das condições ambientais na proliferação de fungos patogênicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: São Luís, fungos, precipitação, temperatura.
Cryptococcosis is an invasive mycosis triggered by a complex of fungal pathogens present in various environmental niches. Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gattii, and emerging pathogens such as C. laurentii and C. albidus are found in aged excreta of Columba livia (pigeon), its natural disseminator. As the pigeon population has increased in São Luís, the objective of this research was to demonstrate the presence of Cryptococcus spp. in the excreta of C. livia in public environments. Twenty-three samples were collected at 14 sites, dispensed into conical tubes, homogenized with saline and chloramphenicol, and allowed to rest until processing. Twenty-four hours after collection, aliquots were distributed in a fungal culture medium and incubated. The macromorphological examination revealed levaduriform, mucoid, bright, isolated colonies compatible with Cryptococcus spp. In the micromorphological examination, 11 of the 23 samples (42.85%) showed the presence of cells with a thick, refringent capsule and mucopolysaccharide around the blastoconidia, typical of Cryptococcus spp. fungi. The other samples (57.14%) were negative for the fungus. The environmental isolation of this fungus in public areas is relevant to public health since the growing pigeon population in São Luís increases the risk of exposure and infection by dispersion of infectious propagules in the environment.
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