In this paper we study some weighted Trudinger-Moser type problems, namely s F , h = sup u ∈ H , ‖ u ‖ H = 1 ∫ B F ( u ) h ( | x | ) d x , \begin{equation*} \displaystyle {s_{F,h} = \sup _{u \in H, \, \| u\|_H =1 } \int _{B} F(u) h(|x|) dx}, \end{equation*} where B ⊂ R 2 B \subset {\mathbb R}^2 represents the open unit ball centered at zero in R 2 {\mathbb R}^2 and H H stands either for H 0 , rad 1 ( B ) H^1_{0, \textrm {rad}}(B) or H rad 1 ( B ) H^1_{\textrm {rad}}(B) . We present the precise balance between h ( r ) h(r) and F ( t ) F(t) that guarantees s F , h s_{F,h} to be finite. We prove that s F , h s_{F,h} is attained up to the h ( r ) h(r) -radially critical case. In particular, we solve two open problems in the critical growth case.
Background: Poisoning by Xanthium spp. plants are important causes of deaths of cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This plant has as toxic principle a triterpenoide glycoside that acts inhibiting the transport of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate across the mitochondrial membrane, responsible for causing acute liver failure. Clinical signs occur within hours of ingesting the plant. However, the knowledge of the metabolic disorders that these animals suffer are poorly described, so the objective of the reports is to describe an outbreak of spontaneous intoxication by Xanthium cavanillesii and demonstrate the clinical, metabolic and anatomopathological changes of a poisoned bovine.Case: An 8-month-old male bovine, Aberdeen Angus breed, was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Clinics of Federal University of Pelotas (HCV-UFPel). The animal came from a property located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, belonged to a herd of 506 animals, of which 258 were nulliparous cows and 248 calves, in total 92 died, being 20 cows and 62 calves in a period of 3 days. The clinical course ranged from 3 to 72 h and was characterized by neurological signs (pedaling movements, opisthotonus and motor incoordination), sternal decubitus, muscle tremors, apathy, anorexia, hypersalivation, dehydration, tenesmus and death. In the field where the animals were, there was the present of Xanthium cavanillesii in the dicotyledonouns sprouting phase, with signs of ingestion. During the clinical examination of the animal sent to the hospital, sternal decubitus, muscle tremor, motor incoordination, apathy, anorexia, hypersalivation and opisthotone were observed, heart rate of 60 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 15 movements per minute, 2 ruminal movements incomplete at every 2 minutes, moderate dehydration and temperature of 37.9º C. For laboratory exams, blood samples were collected in vacuum tubes with 10% EDTA, to perform blood count with hemoparasite research, and without anticoagulant, to perform serum biochemistry tests, liver and kidney function. Highlighting the increase in liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltranferase and alkaline phosphatase), hypoglycemia, elevation of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, hypoalbuminemia, increase in triglycerides with leukocytosis by neutrophilia with regenerative left shift. Due to advanced clinical condition of the animal, was realized euthanasia for post-mortem examination. At necropsy, the main diagnostic macroscopic lesions were an accentuation of the lobular pattern of the organ parenchyma with the appearance of “nutmeg” and centrilobular coagulative necrosis accompanied by congestion and hemorrhages, characterizing a picture of acute liver failure. In addition, X. cavanillesii fruits were detected in the rumen content.Discussion: The diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical-anatomopathological, laboratory data and experimental reproduction of the disease in cattle and sheep. Regarding the epidemiological findings, the presence of the plant with signs of ingestion stands out in addition to the absence of other plants capable of producing similar cases on the farm. The metabolic changes described, if analyzed in isolation, do not confirm the diagnosis, but combined with other parameters, it contributes to the assessment and prognosis of the patient, becoming of great importance in elucidating and conducting the clinical condition.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response in beef heifers supplemented with mineral supplementation with or without the addition of rumen-protected methionine. Forty-eight Brangus nulliparous heifers were distributed into four experimental groups with three replications each: control group without supplementation and without vaccination (CG01), control group without supplementation and with vaccination (CG02), treatment group with mineral supplementation and vaccination (TG01), and treatment group with mineral supplementation added with protected methionine and vaccination (TG02). The animals were maintained under native pasture with access to water ad libitum and the supplementation was available in high-consumption covered troughs. A supplementation period of 60 days prior to vaccinations was adopted until the first dose of a monovalent experimental vaccine inactivated for BoHV-5 was applied as a method of stimulating the immune response to evaluate the supplementation effects. After a 21-day interval, blood samples were collected to evaluate the humoral response and the second vaccine booster dose was applied following the 21-day interval for new blood samples in order to evaluate the immune response against the two-vaccination protocol. From the beginning of the experiment, the animals were weighed on the days ?60, ?10, 0, 21, and 42 in relation to the vaccine protocol. The experimental groups did not differ for body weight, mean daily weight gain, and body condition score after 102 days of supplementation regardless of the treatment. No animals belonging to CG01 seroconverted throughout the experiment, proving that there was no introduction of the agent (BoHV) in the studied area. When vaccinated animals were compared to the CG01 control group, statistically higher levels of neutralizing antibodies (P ? 0.0001) and IgG (P ? 0.0001) were verified 21 days after the second vaccine dose. Among the animals of the three vaccinated groups, there was no difference in seroconversion and IgG production. Therefore, no benefits of mineral supplementation or enriched with protected methionine were observed for the humoral immune response of the studied animals.
Background: Dermatitis associated with defatted rice bran (DRB) seems to be an underdiagnosed disease in Brazilian confined herds, characterized by localized skin lesions that develop mainly on hind limbs, and can affect any animal category. In this context, the goal of the present study was to describe an outbreak of dermatitis associated with the consumption of defatted rice bran on a property in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrating the clinical, hematological and epidemiological characteristics of the animals, as well as alternatives for the definitive diagnosis.Cases: Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained by anamnesis with the technician responsible for the property. Aberdeen Angus and crossbred males, with 24 to 36 months of age, with an average of 413 kg, from a property in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. From a batch of 45 cattle, from 24 to 36 months of age, 20 presented lesions on hind limbs 8-17 days after supplementation of a commercial feed containing defatted rice bran. To assist in the diagnosis, blood samples were drawn into vacuum tubes with 10% EDTA, for a complete blood count with the investigation of hemoparasites, and without anticoagulant, for liver function tests. In addition, lesion tissue samples were also collected for bacteriological, mycological and histopathological examination and the ration offered to the animals, for intradermal tests. There were no significant hematological and biochemical changes in animals that developed DRB dermatitis, except when they have an associated secondary infection. The fungal research was negative. The bacterial culture revealed a growth of Staphylococcus aureus, possibly due to secondary infection resulting from the lesions. In histopathological examination, lesions were characterized by areas of alopecia, thickening of the epidermis, forming dry, thick crusts, and some ulcerative and serosanguineous lesions. Histologically, lesions were characterized by marked hyperkeratosis, ulceration, and in the superficial dermis, intense inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils and lymphocytes.Histologic changes, although not pathognomonic, are typically described in this disease. The intradermal test was performed to contribute to the diagnosis of the disease, where a significant increase in volume was found between measurements on animals that developed the disease. It is believed that the disease is produced due to a food hypersensitivity as a consequence of the high protein level in DRB. The results of the intradermal test indicate that the animals developed hypersensitivity and reaction to proteins, and further research is required to determine the protein fraction leading to hypersensitivity reactions.Discussion: In the present study, acute lesions in hind limbs in a significant number of animals of the same batch in a short period of time after supplementation with a diet containing defatted rice bran, enabled a clinical diagnosis suggestive of dermatitis associated with DRB consumption. Through epidemiological data, reactive intradermal test, associated with the findings of the histopathological exam, which showed characteristic lesions of the disease (alopecia, erythema, epidermis thickening, with the formation of thick crusts, usually on hind limbs in the region of the hoof coronary band, progressing to pastern and fetlock), it was possible to establish the clinical-pathological diagnosis of dermatitis associated with the consumption of defatted rice bran. Keywords: dermatitis, cattle, supplementation, defatted rice bran.Descritores: dermatite, bovinos, suplementação, farelo de arroz desengordurado.Título: Dermatite associada ao consumo de farelo de arroz desengorduradoem bovinos na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
This study aimed to verify the effect of butaphosphan combined with cyanocobalamin (B+C) on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield in high producing dairy cows. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows managed in a compost barn system were enrolled on a calving date and remained under observation until 28 days in milk (DIM). The B+C group administered at 2500 mg of butaphosphan and 1.25 mg of cyanocobalamin (25 mL/cow/day, n = 9), or the control group (NaCl 0.9% administered at 25 mL/cow/day, n = 9,) receiving injections at calving, and at day 3 and 7 post-partum. The DMI, feed efficiency, and DMI/% body weight were evaluated until 21 DIM and the milk yield, rumination, activity, and lying time until 28 DIM. Various metabolites were evaluated at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DIM. DMI did not change with treatment. Milk yield was more significant in the B+C group than in the control group, with an increase of 3.66 kg/milk/d. The maintenance of DMI and the greater milk yield in the B+C group may suggest that the use of B+C can improve feed efficiency. No treatment effect was observed for concentrations of serum glucose, NEFA, BHB, and acetone, however, albumin was higher in B+C than in control. No effect was observed on milk composition. Our results suggest that B+C improves milk yield and feed efficiency by modulating the DMI.
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