A total of 74 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from yoghurt, cheese, raw milk, boza and whey. 36 strains were identified at species levels as Lactococcus lactis (15), Lc. garvieae (8) Lactobacillus plantarum (7), Enterococcus faecium (3), Leuconostoc citreum (2) and Lb.casei (1) by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The strains were tested for antimicrobial properties using disc diffusion method against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Cronobacter sakazakii, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella Typhimurium. 18 strains from available samples showed antimicrobial activity. Formation zones were appeared from 7 mm to 19 mm against all bacteria, except B. cereus. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility of these 18 strains were investigated and strains related to 18 LAB were found resistant despite of 72.2% rifampicin, 53.3% tetracycline and vancomycin, 27.7% to erythromycin and nitrofurantoin. In this study, we investigated antifungal effects of the strains. LAB were screened for antifungal effects by using dual agar overlay against mycotoxigenic Aspergillus candidus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Mucor hiemalis, Ulocladium chartarum, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum. 18 LAB isolates showed antifungal effects. As a result, Enterococcus faecium has antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and therefore, it can be used under various experimental conditions in future studies.

Aims This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of Enterococcus strains isolated from Turkish traditional cheeses. Methods and results Fifty-two Enterococcus spp. were taxonomically determined as follows: Enterococcus faecium (26), Enterococcus faecalis (18), Enterococcus durans (6), and Enterococcus italicus (2). The ability of isolates/strains to survive the harsh conditions (acidity and in-vitro gastric solution) of the gastrointestinal tract was established. They also showed auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and co-aggregation ability. Hydrophobicities of the strains were found between 0.8%–21%, 0.7%–56%, and 2%–63% for xylene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Autoaggregation values of the Enterococcus strains were 4%–20%, 7%–30%, and 36%–98% after 2, 4, and 24-h incubation, respectively. In this study, the Enterococcus strains tested showed co-aggregation ability with the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The results of PCR amplification revealed that only five strains possess virulence factor genes (gelE,asa1,cyl A,esp). We determined antibiotic resistance, biofilm forming abilities, and hemolytic activity for safety evaluation of strains. Conclusions In this large and comprehensive study, we found that only few of Enterococcus strains have promising probiotic potential, among which E. faecalis ES1 and E. faecium EM1 showed the best probiotic properties (are the most promising probiotic candidates).

On this study, 21 traditionally made cheeses were used. A total of 150 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were obtained from cheeses. 100 of them were identified at genus levels as Leunoconostoc (10), Lactobacillus (46) and Enterococcus (44) using biochemical tests. 71 strains were identified as Enterococcus durans (6), E. faecalis (18), E. faecium (24), E. italicus (2), Lb. brevis (1), Lb. paracasei (2), Lb. plantarum (1), Lactococcus lactis (3), Leuconostoc lactis (1), Leu. mesenteroides (11), and Streptococcus parauberis (2) at species levels using MALDO-TDF MS analysis. 10 of 100 isolates that showed antimicrobial activity were obtained from 21 samples of local cheeses. LAB strains were centrifuged to obtain supernatants in order to investigate two mechanisms. First, unprocessed supernatant was used to examine total antibacterial effect. Second, bacteriocins were obtained from LAB strains isolated using partial purification. The Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method was used to compare their antimicrobial activity against six pathogen. On conclusion, the bacteriocin produced from E. faecium shows higher antimicrobial activity than the others, and therefore, it can be used as a biological preservatives to extend shelf life.

Canlılar için esansiyel bir element olan bor madeninin dünya üzerindeki en zengin rezerv potansiyeli Türkiye'de bulunmaktadır. Bor minerali, endüstri ve tarım başta olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Doğada çeşitli formlarda bulunan, topraktan bitkilere ve içme sularına transfer olan bor, insan vücuduna beslenme, soluma ve deri ile temas yollarıyla geçmektedir. Bor bileşiklerinin sağlık üzerindeki biyokimyasal ve metabolik etkileri oldukça fazladır. Bu çalışma borun insanlar, hayvanlar ve mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki olası etkilerinden yola çıkılarak gıda sanayisinde kullanımının araştırılmasını kapsamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında bor, gıda sanayisinde, gıdaların mikrobiyel bozulmalarının önlenmesi, besin öğesi açısından zenginleştirilmesi, tekstürel özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi, raf ömrünün arttırılması ve duyusal özelliklerinin korunmasında kullanılmıştır. Ancak bununla ilgili daha kapsamlı çalışmaların ülkemizde yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ülkenin her bölgesinden tüketici fikri alınıp gıda takviyeleri hakkında tüketim sıklığının ve miktarının belirlenmesidir. Araştırma sonucunda ulaşılan veriler Minitab programı ile ortalama, olasılık değeri (p değeri), yüzde değerleri ve ki-kare (χ²) önemlilik testi kullanılarak değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Yapılan anket sonuçlarında 800 kişiden %35.3'ünün gıda takviyesi kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Tüketicilerin takviye kullanım sıklığı %45.1 oranında günde 1-2 defa olarak belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Gıda takviyesi kullanan tüketicilerin %39.4'ünün kullanım sebebi bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmesidir (p<0.05). Tüketicilerin %44.3'ü vitaminlerden takviye aldığını belirtmiştir (p<0.05). Bununla beraber takviye kullanan tüketicilerin %46.2'si gıda takviyelerinden fayda gördüğünü belirtmiştir (p<0.05). Katılımcılar %52.87 oranında gıda takviyelerinden uzak durulmalıdır ifadesine katılmadığını belirtmiştir (p<0.05). Kullanıma başlangıç aşamasında ise %59.7 oranında doktorların tavsiyesi ile başlandığı görülmüştür. The aim of this research is to determine the frequency and amount of consumption about food supplements by taking consumer ideas from every region of the country. The data obtained as a result of the research were evaluated using the Minitab program, using the mean, probability value (p value), percentage values and chi-square (χ²) significance test. The frequency of supplement use of consumers was determined as 45.1% 1-2 times a day (p> 0.05). The reason for using 39.4% of consumers who use food supplements is that they strengthen the immune system (p <0.05). 44.3% of consumers stated that they took supplements from vitamins (p <0.05). In addition, 46.2% of consumers using supplements stated that they benefited from food supplements (p <0.05). The participants stated that 52.87% did not agree with the statement that food supplements should be avoided (p <0.05). In the initial phase of use, it was observed that 59.7% started with the advice of doctors.