The use of T-PRF alone in sinus-lifting operations has successful clinical and histomorphometric results. Bone formation in the T-PRF group was accelerated to 4 months compared to allografts according to the histological results.

Aim: To evaluate clinical and biochemical effects of adjunctive systemic folic acid (FA) intake with scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis treatment. Materials and methods: Sixty periodontitis subjects (30 per group) were randomly assigned into study groups and treated with either SRP + placebo (SRP + P) or SRP + folic acid (SRP + F). In addition to clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL] and gingival recession [GR]), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained at baseline and post-treatment (PT) periods (one (PT-1), three (PT-3) and six (PT-6) months) for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) evaluation.Results: Significant time-dependent reduction was detected at all clinical parameters for both groups (p < .001). Compared to SRP + P, CAL was lower in SRP + F at PT-1 (p = .004) and PT-3 (p = .035), whereas GR was lower at only PT-1 (p = .015). GCF volume and CRP did not show inter-group differences, whereas Hcy was higher in SRP + F at PT-3 (p = .044) and PT-6 (p = .041). GCF volume and Hcy showed reduction after treatment in both groups (p < .001). Conclusion: Both modalities exhibited clinical improvement and change in biochemical parameters. Adjunctive systemic FA intake may be recommended adjunctive to periodontitis treatment to reveal better outcomes. However, its impact mechanisms should be further enlightened. K E Y W O R D S C-reactive protein, folic acid, gingival crevicular fluid, homocysteine, periodontal treatment, periodontitis | 603 KECELI Et aL.

Background There are limited studies to date investigating vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐23 in different peri‐implant conditions. Purpose To evaluate the peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF) FGF‐23 and 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in peri‐implant health and diseases. Materials and Methods A total of 90 dental implant sites (peri‐implant healthy group [n = 30], peri‐implant mucositis group [n = 30], and peri‐implantitis group [n = 30]) in 53 participants were included in the study. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), suppuration (S), modified plaque index (mPI), gingival index (GI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and keratinized mucosa width (KMW) were recorded as clinical parameters, and PISF samples were obtained. FGF‐23 and 25(OH)D3 levels were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were no statistically significant differences in FGF‐23 concentrations among the groups (P > .05). The 25(OH)D3 concentration was significantly lower in peri‐implantitis group compared with the other two groups (P < .05). The mean total amount of FGF‐23 in the peri‐implantitis group was significantly higher than the peri‐implant healthy group whereas 25(OH)D3 total amount was significantly lower in the peri‐implantitis group than the peri‐implant healthy group. The 25(OH)D3 concentration was significantly negatively correlated with CAL, PD, mPI, S, GI, and mSBI and statistically significant relationship was found between FGF‐23 total amount and these clinical parameters (P < .05). There was a negligible positive correlation between 25(OH)D3 and FGF‐23 concentrations (τ = 0.169; P = .018). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that FGF‐23 and vitamin D seems to affect peri‐implant bone health, and further studies are needed to explain the association between FGF‐23 and 25(OH)D3 in peri‐implant conditions.

Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) periostin levels in patients with gingivitis (G) and periodontitis (P). Subjects and methods A total of 90 subjects, 30 patients with P, 30 with G, and 30 periodontally healthy (H) subjects were included. Patients with periodontal disease received non‐surgical periodontal treatment. GCF periostin levels were assessed at baseline, at the 6th week, and the 3rd month after treatment. Results It was found that GCF periostin level was the lowest in the H group (89.31[47.12] pg/30 sec), followed by the G group (132.82[145.14] pg/30 sec), and the highest in the P group (207.75[189.45] pg/30 sec). These differences were statistically significant between H and the other groups (p < .001). After treatment, GCF periostin levels significantly decreased at the 6th week and the 3rd month in the G group, at the 3rd month in the P group compared to baseline values (p < .05). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that GCF periostin plays a role as a reliable biological marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and non‐surgical periodontal treatment is effective in decreasing GCF periostin levels.

Background: The aim of study was to evaluate galectin-3 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontally healthy (H) patients and those with periodontitis (P), gingivitis (G) and the effect of initial periodontal treatment on GCF galectin-3 level. Methods: A total of 75 participants, 25 patients with periodontitis, 25 with gingivitis and 25 periodontally healthy subjects were included into the study. Patients with periodontal disease received initial periodontal treatment. GCF galectin-3 level was assessed at baseline and at the 6th-8th weeks after completion of periodontal treatment. GCF galectin-3 level was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: GCF galectin-3 level was the lowest in the H group (102.31[63.07] lg/30 s), followed by the G group (241.45 [145.89] lg/30 s) and the highest in the P group (338.27[219.37] lg/30 s). These differences were statistically significant between H and the other groups (P < 0.001). After initial periodontal treatment, GCF galectin-3 level significantly decreased in the G and P groups compared to baseline values (P < 0.01). Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that GCF galectin-3 level is a potential biomarker for the evaluation of gingival inflammation and initial periodontal treatment is effective in decreasing GCF galectin-3 level.