Open radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection remains the gold standard treatment for recurrent, high-grade, non-muscle-invasive and for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The excellent perioperative and long-term results provided by laparoscopic surgery and the advances in instrumentation design have naturally paved the way for development of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC). In this review, surgical and long-term oncological outcomes of LRC are analysed. The advantages of this technique compared with open surgery are described. The differences between pure laparoscopic technique or laparoscopic cystectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion have also been analysed.
Tricyclic antidepressants have sometimes been associated with galactorrhea [1]. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been reported to cause galactorrhea and prolactin increase, such as fluoxetine [2], sertraline [3] and fluvoxamine [4]. However, we have only found two cases of galactorrhea as a side effect concerning paroxetine [5,6]. Both patients suffered from a depressive illness.
Overall compliance with the protocol was modest. While no significant differences between centres were detected in terms of adequacy of referrals certain conditions have to be locally revisited; most of the topics (particularly microhematuria) have to be revisited in every center.
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