Jute (Corchorus sp.) is one of the most important sources of natural fibre, covering ∼80% of global bast fibre production1. Only Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis are commercially cultivated, though there are more than 100 Corchorus species2 in the Malvaceae family. Here we describe high-quality draft genomes of these two species and their comparisons at the functional genomics level to support tailor-designed breeding. The assemblies cover 91.6% and 82.2% of the estimated genome sizes for C. olitorius and C. capsularis, respectively. In total, 37,031 C. olitorius and 30,096 C. capsularis genes are identified, and most of the genes are validated by cDNA and RNA-seq data. Analyses of clustered gene families and gene collinearity show that jute underwent shared whole-genome duplication ∼18.66 million years (Myr) ago prior to speciation. RNA expression analysis from isolated fibre cells reveals the key regulatory and structural genes involved in fibre formation. This work expands our understanding of the molecular basis of fibre formation laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of jute.
The demand for products made by jute fiber is increasing day-by-day for its biodegradable nature regarding environmental concerns. To gain this opportunity correctly, the development of high yielding and improved fiber quality jute variety is essential for ensuring diversified use of jute fiber. The major developed jute varieties, so far, are the outcome of conventional breeding which is a very time consuming process. Improvement of fiber quality and yield through genetic modification approach is highly desired. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanism behind fiber cell formation in jute. Here, we attempted to do the whole transcriptome sequencing of fiber cell RNA to reveal the molecular mechanisms were happening in the premises of jute fiber cells. We performed RNA isolation from jute fiber cells followed by whole transcriptome sequencing. De novo assembly of sequencing reads resulted in 21,294 contigs representing the transcriptome size of 4.07 Mbp. Gene ontology analysis assigned 14144 genes (52.21%) for biological process, 8399 genes (31%) involved in molecular function and 4549 genes (16.79%) for cellular component. Total 66 fiber related genes were found from reference based annotation where 9 genes involved in fiber cell initiation and elongation and the rest 57 for secondary cell wall development. We presented the overall view of the jute fiber cell transcriptome in this study. These findings help for understanding the molecular basis of fiber formation in jute plant.
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