The application of ceramics as bone substitutes is mainly due to their bioactivity property, presenting an ability to adhere to adjacent bone tissues. In the last decades the number of researches with bioactive ceramics in bone grafts has grown. The objective of the present study was to perform a literature review of the application of calcium phosphate ceramics in the biomedical fields. For this present study, 21 articles indexed indatabases, mainly through in PubMed and LILACS were selected and published between the years 2004 to 2019. Calcium phosphates are examples of bioceramics and are part of a group of combinations that constitute the natural structure of bones humans and teeth. The main reasons for calcium phosphate biomaterials standing out for bone replacement are their facility of use and biocompatibility. Current research indicates that the association of hydroxyapatite (HA) with tricalcium phosphate β (TCP-β) promotes better results regarding bone neoformation, showing promising results in the biomedical and biomaterials area, in the replacement of bone tissues. Synthetic bioactive ceramics have several applications and efficacy in the biomedical fields. HA and TCP-β have several properties scientifically demonstrated, the association of both being the result of the search for new materials and their improvement.
Amphotericin B is most widely used antifungal drug of choice. We report a case of a 56-year-old man developed pain and skin swelling over right forearm at the intravenous access site during amphotericin B administration treatment given for mucormycosis, the post-operative of sinuses. After 4 hours of affected period, amphotericin B was administration. A well revealed thrombophlebitis of the right forearm was noted. The systemic reaction was assessed based on the naranjo algorithm and was found to be probable. The safety profile of amphotericin B and its adverse effects must be monitored on long term treatment usage.
Objectives: This study was to carry out a prospective study on the patents reports of homeopathic formulations in the brazilian intellectual property bank, the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Methods: This is a prospective research of patents referring to homeopathy products and medicines carried in May 2020. Searches were made for patents deposited with homeopathic purpose with the terms "homeopathy" and "homeopathic" from the first document until the last one deposited in 2019. We have found thirty-eight deposits with the search terms cited above, after exclusion of duplicates we selected twenty four. Results: Among the 24 patent reports selected, 15 (62.5%) were patents of invention. Among the classification of products, we highlight those of type A61K with 19 (79.1%). Twenty-four deposits were selected with the search terms "homeopathy" and "homeopathic". 20 (83.3 %) deposits with the term "homeopathic" and 4 (16.66%) to the term "homeopathy". Among the reports stand out patents of homeopathic formulations 14 (58.3%). There were a greater number of deposits in the years 2009 and 2013, both with 4 (16.6%) deposits. Conclusion: After analyzing patents on homeopathic products at the intellectual property bank in Brazil, it is concluded that most are related to new formulations. It can be seen that in Brazil the interest in relation to the protection of intellectual property in this topic is still small.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GRD) is the most common form of esophagitis, where proton pump inhibitors are the most widely used drugs. This study aimed to perform a literature review about the clinical use and adverse reactions of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Treatment of GRD evolved in the 1970s, when the first PPI, timoprazole, was discovered and in 1979, omeprazole originated, with a high action on the proton bomb. The most potent drugs in gastric suppression are proton pump inhibitors where they act irreversibly in the proton pump H + , K + ,-ATPase, the suppression of acid secretion lasts for 24-48 hr. PPIs with prolonged use are associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota, which can be compared to changes seen with antimicrobials, in addition to altering the absorption of iron and Vitamin B 12 and the metabolism of calcium and magnesium. The population most susceptible to the appearance of the side effects of PPIs is the elderly, age is a factor that predisposes to the appearance of various pathologies and it is necessary to use many medications thus constituting a polypharmacy, in addition, may increase the risks of drug toxicity due to the hepatic metabolism of the elderly being compromised, this is a worrying condition, as it can cause, in addition to the side effects of PPIs, drug interactions, making pharmacotherapeutic follow-up essential, thus being able to make dose adjustments and assess possible drug-related problems and adverse drug reactions.
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