Gastrointestinal nematode parasites play an important role in cattle farming in Indonesia. The majority of parasite infection cases cause weight loss and decreases in appetite, productivity, milk production and farmers’ economic income. This study aimed at finding out the incidence of gastrointestinal nematode parasite disease in cattle at several regions in Indonesia. It was conducted in the period of March 6th to October 2020. There were totally 335 samples randomly drawn from various regions in 15 provinces of 34 provinces in Indonesia. Stool was examined using Whitlock and flotation methods. The results showed that the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes Strongyle, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp., and Ascaris sp. amounted to 24.2%. The highest prevalence of the Strongyle nematodes was found in West Nusa Tenggara (52%), Central Kalimantan (50.8%) and Southeast Sulawesi (40%). The prevalence of the Trichuris sp. in East Java was 15%, while it was 10% in Central Kalimantan. The prevalence of the Capillaria sp. in North Kalimantan was 21.1%, in West Sumatra 18.8% and in East Java 6.7%. The prevalence of the Ascaris sp. worms in East Java was 16.7%. The results of the characterization based on age, sex and cattle management showed that 4.6% of the Strongyle worms were found in bulls, 2.74% in females, 4.38% in intensive maintenance and 2.47% in semi-intensive maintenance, while 5.48% of the worms were found in adult cattle and 1.37% in young cattle. The same pattern was observed in Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp. and Ascarids sp. infections. The results indicated the need for the eradication of the gastrointestinal nematodes through deworming and good management system.
<p>Benzimidazole (BZ)<br />resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants<br />(sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide.<br />Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in<br />Indonesia has been reported from some government owned<br />farms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previous<br />study on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that the<br />BZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in a<br />population possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The<br />study is aimed to determine mutation on coding region of<br />central part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistant<br />strain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms were<br />isolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two government<br />farms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTD<br />Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and from<br />a BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java.<br />DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortus<br />worms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon<br />3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and then<br />sequenced. The results showed that a single mutation<br />occurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) had<br />caused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTD<br />Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1<br />gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan<br />Hewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamate<br />to glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), and<br />codon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon).</p>
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