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PurposeThe current study aimed to evaluate whether a generic product of etoricoxib 120 mg film-coated tablet (the test drug) was bioequivalent to the reference product (Arcoxia® film-coated tablet 120 mg).MethodsThis was a randomized, open-label, two-sequence, crossover study under fasting condition, with a 14-day washout period, involving 26 healthy adult male and female subjects. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for plasma concentrations of etoricoxib (Chemical Abstracts Service [CAS] 202409-33-4) using a high-pressure liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) system capable of measuring etoricoxib concentrations ranging from 5.00 to 5002.90 ng/mL, with the lowest limit of quantitation of 5.00 ng/mL. A noncompartmental method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single-dose administration of the drug, including the area under plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the time of last observed concentration (AUC0−t), the area under plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0−∞), the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (tmax), and the terminal half-life (t½).ResultsAfter a single-dose administration of etoricoxib 120 mg film-coated tablet, the mean (SD) values for the AUC0–72h and Cmax of the test drug were 45913.42 (13142.19) ng·h/mL and 3155.93 (752.81) ng/mL, respectively; the values for the reference drug were 44577.20 (13541.85) ng·h/mL and 2915.13 (772.81) ng/mL, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (90% CIs) of the test drug/reference drug were 103.40% (98.70%–108.32%) for AUC0–72h and 109.26% (100.18%–119.18%) for Cmax. No clinically significant differences in tmax and t½values were found between the test drug and the reference drug. No adverse events were experienced by the subjects during this study.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that the evaluated generic etoricoxib 120 mg film-coated tablets were bioequivalent to the reference drug.

Background:DLBS1442, a proprietary and standardized semipolar bioactive extract of the fruit Phaleria macrocarpa, is preclinically proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. The current clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of DLBS1442 in alleviating symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and primary dysmenorrhea.Methods:This was an open study over four menstrual cycles (with two control cycles, followed by two treatment cycles). Women with premenstrual syndrome and/or primary dysmenorrhea, 18–40 years of age, and with a regular menstrual cycle were included in the study. In the treatment cycles, DLBS1442 extract was given as a 100 mg capsule two or three times daily (for those with mild and moderate-to-severe baseline abdominal pain, respectively), for an average of six days, ie, three days before until the end of the first three days of the menstrual period. Throughout all four study cycles, daily self-assessment of symptoms related to premenstrual syndrome was made by each subject using a visual analog scale (VAS). Data were descriptively analyzed and profiled in curves of VAS score versus time point evaluation starting from day 5 before menstruation to day 5 of menstruation.Results:Twenty-three subjects of mean age 27.35 ± 5.73 years were evaluable for the intention to treat analysis. Most subjects experienced the primary efficacy variable (abdominal pain), peaking on days 1–2 of the menstrual phase, with a mean VAS score of 36.8 ± 24.3 mm and 30.0 ± 29.6 mm, respectively, during control cycles. DLBS1442 markedly reduced VAS scores by 13.76 ± 28.27 mm (37.46%) and 13.28 ± 29.06 mm (44.28%), respectively. Other symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were also markedly alleviated by DLBS1442. Some mild adverse events were observed and resolved by the end of the study.Conclusion:This preliminary study indicates the effectiveness of DLBS1442 in alleviating primary dysmenorrhea and abdominal pain, as well as other symptoms related to premenstrual syndrome. DLBS1442 was safe and well tolerated in women with premenstrual syndrome and/or dysmenorrhea.