Taken together, these findings imply that L. salivarius BGHO1 and L. gasseri BGHO89 might be subjects for additional investigation as potential probiotic strains.

Reactivation of latent HSV is exceptionally frequent in cancer patients. The results of this study suggest that virus reactivation occurs independently of cancer chemotherapy. The potential role of HSV reactivation in oral mucosa damage remains unclear.

ObjectivesThe aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to compare the prevalence of different oral Candida spp. in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and chronic periodontitis in two oral sites: dorsal surface of the tongue and subgingival area. In order to determine subgingival areas as potential reservoirs of yeasts, this study aimed to find differences in the yeasts’ detection between the dorsum of the tongue, as the oral site most commonly inhabited with microorganisms, and subgingival samples. Additionally, potential predictors for the yeasts prevalence were determined.Material and methodsSubjects (N = 146) were divided into four groups: group A- healthy individuals without periodontitis, group B- healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis, group C- Type 2 Diabetes patients with good glycoregulation and Chronic periodontitis and group D- Type 2 Diabetes patients with poor glycoregulation and Chronic periodontitis. Samples were obtained from the tongue by swabbing. Subgingival plaque samples were taken by paper points and periodontal curette. Isolation and identification of different Candida spp. was done using ChromAgar medium. In addition, germ-tube production and carbohydrate assimilation tests were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of Candida spp. was higher in diabetics with poor glycoregulation. The most frequently isolated species was Candida albicans followed by Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. In 15.6% of cases, Candida spp. was present in the subgingival area while absent on the tongue. Multivariate regression model showed that HbA1c was Candida spp. predictor for both locations.ConclusionsOur results confirmed that there are Candida spp. carriers among subjects with clinically healthy oral mucosa. Also, this study identified subgingival areas as potential reservoirs of these pathogenic species. Glycoregulation has been recognized as a positive predictor factor of Candida spp.

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No report on the prevalence of this cancer in Ethiopia has so far been made in the medical literature. This paper deals with the clinico-pathological features of 38 cases of primary liver carcinoma, proved at post-mortem examination, in the Imperial Ethiopian Armed Forces Hospital at Addis Ababa. The frequency of this tumour in Ethiopia and the probable aetiological factors are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cases presented in this study were admitted and treated in the Medical Department of the Imperial Ethiopian Armed Forces Hospital, during the 3-year period from January 1966 to the end of December 1968. They were among 236 patients diagnosed clinically as having chronic liver disease. Under the term " chronic liver disease " are included all patients with chronic hepatomegaly or signs of portal hypertension or both. The patients included in this study were investigated carefully and were followed in the hospital up to the time of death. The following laboratory investigations were carried out in all the cases, except one who died soon after admission: haemoglobin, blood sedimentation rate (Westergren), RBC and WBC counts, blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen, blood cholesterol, direct and indirect bilirubin, bromsulphalein excretion, cephalin flocculation, thymol turbidity, total and fractional serum proteins, serum alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT, and routine urine and stool tests. Chest X-ray, barium swallow and barium meal examinations were done in 36 out of 38 patients. History concerning exposure to hepatotoxins, alcoholism and previous liver disease was taken in detail in all the cases. Post-mortem examinations were done in the hospital and the tissues were examined microscopically by the pathology department of the Faculty of Medicine at the Haile Selassie I University. Clinical Features Age and sex The youngest patient in this series was 23 years old and the oldest 67 years; 27 were between 41 and 60 years of age (Table I).