Rehmannia glutinosa is one of traditional Chinese herbal medicines, its phenotype, catalpol accumulation and genomic methylation were studied in this research. During the growth and development of Rehmannia glutinosa, leaf length, plant height and catalpol accumulation increased continuously along with the extension of growth stage, and reached peak in the later growth stage. 5-methylcytosine (5mC) content and methylation level in genome also increased along with the growth of Rehmannia glutinosa, and reached the highest value in the later growth stage, however genomic methylation in leaf and root was different at the same growth stage and was higher in leaf. As compared with that of Rehmannia glutinosa planted in Xinxiang, leaf length, plant height, catalpol accumulation and 5mC content in Wenxian were all higher at the same growth stage, full-methylation was main in genomic methylation of Rehmannia glutinosa planted in Wenxian, yet semi-methylation was main for genomic methylation of Rehmannia glutinosa plants in Xinxiang. Therefore, Wenxian maybe more suitable to plant Rehmannia glutinosa, and this research would help to explore the correlation between ecological environment and growth of Rehmannia glutinosa.
In this research, callus from leaves, petioles and stems of Achyranthes bidentata was evidently initiated by plant growth substance, in which 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was very important to callus induction, but effects of other plant growth substances were various, and the optimum combination of plant growth substances for callus induction from leaves, petioles and stems was respectively obtained. Compared with callus induction from leaves and petioles, callus induction from stems was easier, and the higher induction rate and bigger mass of callus from stems were obtained. This study showed that the dedifferentiation capacity of various explants from Achyranthes bidentata was obviously different, and effects of plant growth substance on callus induction from various explants of Achyranthes bidentata were significantly diverse.
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