In Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), cobalt carbide (Co2C) is not a catalytically active material, but rather an undesired cobalt phase associated with low catalytic performance.
A modular
multichannel reaction module with microchannel-based
coolant channels was considered, and a computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) model was developed to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of
the module. Reaction rates for the lumped chain length distribution
of hydrocarbon products generated by the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
reaction were proposed, and the developed kinetic and CFD models were
shown to satisfactorily fit the experimental data under different
production rates. High heat transfer rates resulting from the use
of microchannel-based cooling channel maintained the temperature peak
below 10 °C, and simulation results with increased size of the
catalytic bed and absence of inert materials showed that the high
heat of reactions could be efficiently removed over entire catalytic
beds, preventing the creation of local hot spots, which are usually
observed in conventional fixed bed reactors. In addition, the efficient
use of thermal energy could guarantee that methane selectivity, which
needs to be maintained as low as possible, was close to approximately
10% under all conditions, while the selectivity of the desired hydrocarbons
(C5+) slightly increased with increasing feed flow rates.
It is well known that the atmospheric inorganic aerosol has the hysteresis phenomena depending on the history of relative humidity. However, the current computational researches have assumed that the physical/chemical state of atmospheric aerosol is only determined by a branch of hysteresis, efflorescence or deliquescence. In this work, we applied the MATLAB-based UHAEROm thermodynamics module to simulate the dynamic interaction between gaseous species NH 3 and HNO 3 , and the two mono-disperse particulate populations in the course of efflorescence and deliquescence, respectively. We conducted the 10 case studies considering the particulate phase with the atmospherically prevailing chemical composition and found that the final states of the particles are determined through the qualitatively five different trajectories by the dynamic interaction between gaseous and two different kinds of particulates. As a result, we show that the coexistence of meta-stable and stable particles drives the different physical/ chemical destination comparing with the ones generated from the solitary efflorescence or deliquescence branch.
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