One particular activity that substantially affects the efficiency of material flow within supply chains, and which is located within the distribution centre, is order picking. The performance of an order picking system is typically determined by batching, picking sequence, storage policy, zoning, layout design, picking equipment and design of picking information. The main research problem in this paper was to investigate whether the sequence of order execution can have an effect on the performance of the order picking system. The original bound cavities method has been developed, which defines the sequence of execution of received orders in "pick and pass" systems, where the tendency is to perform zone changes in places where there is a continuity of no items for extraction. The paper shows the total picking time and time saving calculations, as well as benefits of its use, which are proven through simulation models of a zone order picking system with two and three pickers.
Continual material feeding represents a process of great importance for process industries. Feeding with belt feeders represents one of the most common methods. Belt feeders are devices that require little space, they are not expensive and, most importantly, they do not interrupt material flow while feeding. Calibration of belt feeders, as well as other measuring devices, is a prerequisite for measuring and achieving a defined level of measurement accuracy. On the other hand, the defined level of measurement accuracy is often difficult to achieve in practice due to the multitude of factors that affect the operation of belt feeders. Existing mathematical models indicate a number of influential factors on measurement accuracy. The paper presents the measurement procedure performed on a belt feeder in laboratory conditions, with variable speeds and belt tensions and the known raised position of the measuring idler. Based on the obtained results, appropriate conclusions were made about the influences on calibration and measurement accuracy.
Transport of people in buildings and at relatively short distances is possible by escalators. Escalators have a great application in the transport of the people and they represent an important part of vertical transport. As escalators are used at all ages, it is necessary to design them to be safe. Due to the large number of moving parts and the complicated construction of the escalator, it is necessary to perform periodic checks and controls of their correctness and safety for the transport of people. The paper gives an overview of the basic elements of escalators, and some potential dangers and appropriate safety measures for their prevention.
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