Background: Hypertrophic osteopathy (OH) is a syndrome characterized by progressive bilateral periosteal bone neoformation that mainly affects the thoracic and pelvic limb bones' metaphyses and diaphyses. In most cases, it is secondary to a chronic primary lesion located in the thoracic cavity but can be associated with an abdominal injury that has already been occurred. The occurrence of this condition without being associated with a primary lesion is considered infrequent in animals. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with a description of clinical signs and radiographic and anatomopathological findings. Case: A male adult cat was brought to the veterinarian with an initial observation by the owner of four limbs' volume increase, apathy, and reluctance to move. Upon clinical examination, the animal presented dehydration, mucosal hyperemia, hyperthermia, and bilateral edema of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Based on the radiographic examination, a periosteal reaction with palisade-like appearance was found in the metacarpals, radios, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibias, and fibulae. There were no significant changes in additional exams. Due to poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized and referred for necropsy and histopathological examination. All organs were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Fragments were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histological slides with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome, and limb bones that were not fixed in formalin were macerated. Lesions were observed only in the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Macroscopically, there was a diffuse, regular, slightly firm volume increase, covered by abundant gelatinous whitish tissue. The periosteal bone neoformations were characterized by numerous papillary projections distributed throughout the phalanges, radius, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibia and fibulae. Histologically, the original bone matrix was surrounded by lightly organized eosinophilic material in bundles. Young bone matrix-formed trabeculae perpendicular to the original bone matrix, projecting into the mature bone tissue, was attached to the cortical layer. Discussion: The hypertrophic osteopathy diagnosis was based on clinical signs, radiographic examinations, and anatomopathological findings. Although the long bones of the pelvic limbs are often the most affected, the lesions were more marked in the thoracic limbs in this cat. The presumptive diagnosis was made through radiographic examination. Radiography is considered a very useful diagnostic method in animals suffering from this condition. Histological changes are compatible with persistent phases of hypertrophic osteopathy resulting from the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, with osteoid matrix deposition in the existing cortical bone. Since this cat didn't present macroscopic and microscopic alterations beyond the bone lesions, it was not possible to attribute them to a primary cause. For this reason, osteopathy was considered idiopath...
A osteopatia hipertrófica é uma doença incomum que tem sido descrita em cães freqüentemente em associação a processos neoplásicos pulmonares primários ou metastáticos. Uma cadela sem raça definida com dez anos de idade foi atendida no hospital veterinário por apresentar prostração, dificuldade de locomoção, aumento de volume edematoso em todos os membros. O exame radiográfico revelou aumento de volume de tecidos moles e reação periosteal de aspecto paliçada no rádio, ulna, metacarpos. Também foi detectada massa tumoral difusa em parênquima pulmonar. O diagnóstico final foi de osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase pulmonar de adenocarcinoma.
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in the feline species. A frequent complication of this cardiomyopathy is the development of cardiac congestive failure, left atrial enlargement and subsequent development of arterial thromboembolism. In a significant percentage of affected animals there is progression to congestive heart failure, resulting in cyanosis and dyspnea, often the first clinical signs reported by owners. This is a report of a 10-year-old Persian cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and venous and arterial thromboembolism of non-cardiogenic origin.Case: The patient was referred for cardiac evaluation, arterial thromboembolism was the suspected cause of tetraparesis. On clinical examination, a metacarpal pulse was present in all limbs; there was no cyanosis or peripheral hypothermia thus, ruling out a thromboembolic event in the limbs. Changes consistent with feline asthma and pulmonary edema were seen on radiographs, therefore hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected. Treatment with enalapril (0.25 mg/kg every 12 h) for the heart condition and prednisolone (1 mg/kg every 24 h) for asthma was started. Nine days later, the patient developed mixed dyspnea (inspiratory and expiratory) and was hospitalized with signs consistent with arterial thromboembolism: paralysis and cold extremities in the right and left pelvic limbs. The patient was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Post mortem and histopathological findings revealed left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, with no valvular changes; disseminated intravascular coagulation, with thrombi in the arterial (iliac arteries, pancreatic and renal vessels) and venous (pulmonary and renal veins) beds; as well as multiple neoplastic lung masses, identified as scirrhous pulmonary adenocarcinoma, responsible for increased interstitial radiopacity. Metastasis was also identified at the tracheal bifurcation, causing radiographic changes similar to the alveolar pattern of pulmonary edema.Discussion: The origin of the concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was not established. Both primary hypertrophy, due to breed-related genetic predisposition or secondary hypertrophy, due to systemic hypertension from chronic kidney disease are possibilities. However, despite the left ventricular concentric hypertrophy and the presence of thrombus under the mitral valve, it was not thought that the patient had cardiogenic thromboembolism, since this would not explain the venous thrombi. The arterial and venous thromboembolism in this case were the result of paraneoplastic syndrome due to pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which was a triggering factor for disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple thrombus formation, both in arterial and venous beds. Tumor cells may promote direct and indirect modifications in the coagulation cascade and, thus hypercoagulability. The hypercoagulatory state promoted by the tumor associated with the Virchow triad seen in feline species, explains the occurrence of thrombosis in this case report. Sensitive imaging tests, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, may be required in middle-aged cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and clinical presentations of thromboembolism or respiratory signs, in order to exclude pulmonary neoplasm as a differential diagnosis for thrombus formation and dyspnea. Furthermore, it is speculated that the antitumor effect of heparin used in the treatment for arterial thromboembolism may delay the diagnosis of lung neoplasia in cats.
RESUMO:A torção mesentérica é uma doença rara no cão, sendo mais comum o acometimento em animais de grande porte. Os principais sinais clínicos observados são agudos, como prostação e distensão abdominal, que evoluem para o estado de choque e óbito. O presente trabalho relata a torção de mesentério em um cão, que deu entrada ao atendimento veterinário apresentando dor abdominal aguda generalizada de início súbito. Ao exame físico detectou-se sinais de abdômen agudo, temperatura retal de 35 graus Celsius, desidratação moderada, mucosas congestas e prostração. Foi instituída terapia emergencial e solicitado exame ultrassonográfico e radiográfico que evidenciou aumento do diâmetro das alças intestinais e imagem sugestiva de intussuscepção. O paciente foi encaminhado para laparotomia exploratória de urgência e obteve o diagnóstico definitivo de intussuscepção ileocólica associada a torção mesentérica. Devido a extensão do comprometimento intestinal foi optado pela eutanásia do paciente na mesa cirúrgica. Palavras-chave: abdômen agudo; choque circulatório; cirurgia intestinal ILEOCOLIC INTUSSUSCEPTION ASSOCIATED WITH MESENTERIC TORSION IN DOG: CASE REPORTABSTRACT: Mesenteric torsion is a rare disease in dogs whereas it is more common to affect large animals. The main clinical signs observed are acute, such as prostration and abdominal distension which evolve to a state of shock and death. This paper reports the mesenteric torsion in a dog that was presented to veterinary care with generalized acute abdominal pain of sudden onset. At the physical examination, signs of acute abdomen, rectal temperature of 35ºC, moderate dehydration, congested mucous membrane, and prostration were detected. Emergency therapy was instituted and radiographic and ultrasound examinations were requested. The radiography showed increase in the bowel diameter and an image suggestive of intussusception. The patient was referred to emergency exploratory laparotomy and obtained a definite diagnosis of ileocolic intussusception associated to mesenteric torsion. Due to the extent of intestinal dysfunction, the patient was euthanized on the operating table.
A acrania é uma malformação congênita rara que cursa com ausência parcial ou total do crânio de fetos. Está associada frequentemente com anencefalia e é, via de regra, fatal em curtíssimo prazo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar o caso de uma gestante com acompanhamento aos 48, 55 e aos 58 dias de gestação, cujo um dos fetos não apresentava caracterização da calota craniana ao exame ultrassonográfico. A necropsia pós-parto e a histopatologia foi realizada aos 60 dias de gestação, confirmando o diagnóstico.
RESUMO:O dioctophyma renale, conhecido como verme gigante renal é um nematóide de ocorrência mundial que parasita os rins, podendo ser encontrado na cavidade peritoneal e em outros órgãos do cão, e em outras espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres, inclusive o homem. Foi atendida uma cadela sem raça definida, apresentando secreção vaginal sanguinolenta persistente, neoformação vaginal, hiporexia e hematúria. Foram solicitados exames complementares, e através da ultrassonografia abdominal foi detectada imagem sugestiva de dioctofimose, a qual confirmou-se com a visualização de ovos característicos de Dioctophyma renale no sedimento urinário. Após o diagnóstico, foi realizado laparotomia exploratória seguido de nefrectomia do rim direito, e após a conduta terapêutica o animal apresentou excelente recuperação. O presente relato ressalta a importância dos exames complementares para o diagnóstico efetivo, o que proporciona recuperação total do animal parasitado.Palavras-chave: Cães. Dioctofimose Laparotomia exploratória. SUMMARY: -Dioctophyma renale, known as giant kidney worm, is a nematode of worldwide occurrence thatparasitizes the kidneys and can be found not only in the peritoneal cavity but also in other organs of a dog and in other species of domestic and wild animals, as well as the man. A mongrel bitch presenting with persistent bloody vaginal discharge, vaginal neoformation, appetite loss, and hematuria was treated. Additional tests were requested, and an image suggestive of dioctophymosis was detected through abdominal ultrasound. It was later confirmed when characteristic eggs of Dioctophyma renale were observed in the urinary sediment. After the diagnosis, exploratory laparotomy was performed followed by nephrectomy of the right kidney. The animal had an excellent recovery after such therapy. This report highlights the importance of additional tests for the effective diagnosis, which leads to total recovery of the parasitized animal.
A osteopatia hipertrófica é um distúrbio de osteoprodução generalizada do periósteo queacomete os ossos longos, sendo geralmente secundária a alguma doença intratorácica, comodoença cardiopulmonar ou neoplasia. A maioria das lesões são bilaterais e simétricas,podendo ocorrer nos quatro membros. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar doiscasos de osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase pulmonar de carcinoma mamário e osachados clínico patológicos destes cães foram estudados.
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