Biofilms have been related to the persistence of infections on medical implants, and these cannot be eradicated because of the resistance of biofilm structures. Therefore, a biocompatible phototherapeutic system is developed composed of MoS 2 , IR780 photosensitizer, and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–cysteine (RGDC) to safely eradicate biofilms on titanium implants within 20 min. The magnetron‐sputtered MoS 2 film possesses excellent photothermal properties, and IR780 can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR, λ = 700–1100 nm) light. Consequently, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), assisted by glutathione oxidation accelerated by NIR light, can provide synergistic and rapid killing of bacteria, i.e., 98.99 ± 0.42% eradication ratio against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vivo within 20 min, which is much greater than that of PTT or PDT alone. With the assistance of ROS, the permeability of damaged bacterial membranes increases, and the damaged bacterial membranes become more sensitive to heat, thus accelerating the leakage of proteins from the bacteria. In addition, RGDC can provide excellent biosafety and osteoconductivity, which is confirmed by in vivo animal experiments.

One of the most difficult challenges in the biomedical field is bacterial infection, which causes tremendous harm to human health. In this work, an injectable hydrogel is synthesized through rapid assembly of dopamine (DA) and folic acid (FA) cross‐linked by transition metal ions (TMIs, i.e., Zn2+), which was named as DFT‐hydrogel. Both the two carboxyl groups in the FA molecule and catechol in polydopamine (PDA) easily chelates Zn2+ to form metal–ligand coordination, thereby allowing this injectable hydrogel to match the shapes of wounds. In addition, PDA in the hydrogel coated around carbon quantum dot‐decorated ZnO (C/ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) to rapidly generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat under illumination with 660 and 808 nm light, endows this hybrid hydrogel with great antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, typical Gram‐positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (E. coli, typical Gram‐negative bacteria). The antibacterial efficacy of the prepared DFT‐C/ZnO‐hydrogel against S. aureus and E. coli under dual‐light irradiation is 99.9%. Importantly, the hydrogels release zinc ions over 12 days, resulting in a sustained antimicrobial effect and promoted fibroblast growth. Thus, this hybrid hydrogel exhibits great potential for the reconstruction of bacteria‐infected tissues, especially exposed wounds.

Wound infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are hard to treat because of tolerance to existing antibiotics, repeated infection, and concomitant inflammation. Herein, zinc atom-doped g-C 3 N 4 and Bi 2 S 3 nanorod heterojunctions (CN-Zn/BiS) are investigated for disinfection under near-infrared light (NIR). The photocatalysis of CN-Zn/BiS is enhanced because of efficient charge separation during the interface electron field and increased oxygen adsorption capacity. Then, 99.2% antibacterial efficiency is shown toward methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 99.6% toward Escherichia coli under 10 min NIR irradiation. Meanwhile, a strategy for the combination of lapsed β-lactam antibiotics with the photosensitizer CN-Zn/BiS is provided to kill MRSA by NIR without observable resistance, suggesting an approach to solve the problem of bacterial infection with NIR light penetrability and for exploiting new anti-infection methods. The CN-Zn/BiS nanocomposite can also regulate genes and the inflammatory response through inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS) in vivo to accelerate tissue regeneration and thereby promote wound healing.