Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in global statistics. One of the issues associated with this disease is the high incidence of cases with delayed diagnosis and what factors correlate with worse treatment outcomes. A possible reason for this may be the rather limited availability of non-invasive diagnostic tools. This short communication presents a case of a 68 year old male patient after an ineffective therapy, carried on for several years with symptoms commonly associated with prostate overgrowth that masked a carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Implementation of several diagnostic techniques, including urine sediment cytology, immunocytochemistry, the fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, the Bladder EpiCheck test and whole-genome sequencing, enabled the establishment of a correct diagnosis, implementation of appropriate treatment and provision of patient-friendly monitoring. The described case emphasises the usefulness of cell-based and liquid-based urine tests in bladder cancer diagnostic procedures.
INTRODUCTION. The human papilloma virus (HPV) belongs to double-stranded, DNA circular viruses which infect the epithelial cells. The highest incidence of HPV is identified in malignant processes which affect the uterine cervix, as well as vulvar, penile, rectal and pharyngeal regions. GOAL OF STUDY. An attempt to find correlations between HPV incidence rates in urine sediment cells and in desquamated epithelial cells of the uterine cervix in a group of patients with frequent, recurrent cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. HPV presence was studied, both in urine sediment cells and in uterine cervix epithelial cells of 77 patients.RESULTS. An analysis of urinary sediments brought a total of twenty (25.97%) positive and 57 (74.03%) negative results. In turn, an evaluation of uterine cervix material samples revealed 17 (22.08%) positive and 60 (77.92%) negative results. CONCLUSIONS. The study enabled a comparison between HPV prevalence rates in urine sediment cells and in uterine cervix epithelial cells of an examined patient. The performed observations are likely to trigger a further analysis of the studied issue; however, the obtained results provide arguments for different natural histories of the infection processes. STRESZCZENIEWSTĘP. W przypadku raka urotelialnego jednym z potencjalnych czynników rakotwórczych jest wirus brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV). Ludzki wirus brodawczaka należy do dwuniciowych wirusów DNA infekujących komórki nabłonka. Największa częstość występowania HPV stwierdzono w złośliwych procesach, które mają wpływ na szyjkę macicy, a także na okolice sromu, prącia, odbytnicy oraz gardła. CEL PRACY. Celem podjętych badań była próba znalezienia korelacji między częstością występowania HPV w komórkach osadu moczu a złuszczonymi komórkami nabłonka szyjki macicy w grupie pacjentów z częstym, nawracającym zapaleniem pęcherza. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Obecność wirusa HPV badano zarówno w komórkach osadu moczu, jak również w komórkach nabłonka szyjki macicy u 77 pacjentów. WYNIKI. Analiza osadów moczowych dała łącznie dwadzieścia (25,97%) pozytywnych i 57 (74,03%) negatywnych wyników. Z kolei ocena próbek pochodzących z macicy wykazała 17 dodatnich wyników (22,08%) i 60 (77,92%) negatywnych wyników.
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