Aim of the study. To evaluate differences in periodontal parameters and oral hygiene between cleft and control sides in growing patients with unilateral cleft. Materials and Methods: 15 patients, aged 10 to 18 years, with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Evaluation of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (REC), vestibule depth (VD), keratinized gingiva (KG), presence of plaque (PCR) and bleeding on probing (BoP) for eight maxillary anterior teeth were performed. Types of fraena and mucosa deformities were also evaluated. Results. Significant differences for PD (but not for CAL) were found only at some surfaces of lateral incisors and canines. Keratinized gingiva was significantly narrower at lateral incisors, canines and first premolars on the cleft side (mean values were: 2.8 mm and 5.4 mm for lateral incisors, 2.7 mm and 3.9 mm for canines, 3.1 mm and 4.7 mm for first premolars, respectively for the affected and the control side). Significantly shallower vestibule at central and lateral incisors was found at some group of teeth (mean values were: 7.0 and 9.2 mm for central incisors, 8.6 and 11.6 mm for lateral incisors, respectively for the affected and control side). Due to tissue malformations it was difficult to assess the upper labial fraena. High scores were recorded for PCR and BoP both on the cleft and the control side. Conclusions. Malformations of soft tissues caused by cleft and previous surgical procedures negatively affected periodontal parameters on the cleft side. It is requisite to introduce periodontal assessment into comprehensive approach in children with clefts to control development of periodontal disease.
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common aneuploidy. In general population, its prevalence is 1:600-1:800 live births. It is caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21. DS is phenotypically manifested by premature aging, upward slant to the eyes, epicanthus, flattened face, and poor muscle tone. In addition to physical changes, this syndrome is characterized by early onset of diseases specific to old age, such as Alzheimer's disease, vision and hearing problems, and precocious menopause. Since DS symptoms include premature aging, the shortening of telomeres might be one of the markers of cellular aging. Consequently, the aim of the study was to determine the length of the telomeres in leukocytes from the blood of juvenile patients with DS (n = 68) compared to an age-matched control group (n = 56) and also to determine the diagnostic or predictive value for this parameter. We show that, for the first time, in juveniles, the average relative telomere length in studied subjects is significantly longer than in the control group (50.46 vs. 40.56, respectively arbitrary units [AU]; p = 0.0026). The results provide interesting basis for further research to determine the causes and consequences of telomere maintaining and the dynamics of this process in patients with DS.
Background. Disorders in the orofacial complex as well as muscle hypotension in children with Down syndrome can be corrected through orofacial therapy that makes use of a palatal plate. Objectives. The aim of this paper was to present how parents of children with DS assess the availability of treatment and the therapeutic effects of orthodontic palatal plate therapy on the tongue position and mimetic muscle tension in their children; and to determine whether implementing full Castillo-Morales therapy and using only a palatal plate lead to substantially different results. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 100 children with DS between the ages of two months and two years (44 boys, 56 girls) who were treated by means of stimulating plate therapy. The study analyzed responses obtained from the parents to questions included in a questionnaire completed at every visit over a period of two years. Results. The study found that in 50 patients with DS who underwent palatal plate rehabilitation there was a visible improvement of the mimetic muscles, tongue retraction and lip closure. Conclusions. Early orthodontic palatal plate therapy ought to be an integral part of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation of patients with DS (Adv Clin Exp Med 2015, 24, 2, 301-305).
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare disorder characterized by somatic and psychological disturbances including special face morphology, skeletal anomalies, and other systemic disorders. Because of the diverse clinical manifestation, the management of a patient with KS may involve several medical and dental specialists, including orthodontics. The aim of the article is to present successful orthodontic treatment performed in a 14-year-old boy diagnosed with the KS. Dental relations and smile aesthetics were normalized after orthodontic treatment; however, problems with patient compliance and cooperation and an increased risk of root resorption may influence treatment outcomes. Interdisciplinary cooperation between medical and dental specialists is essential in patients with KS.
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