The changes of structure and distribution of dipole moment of water with temperatures up to 2800 K and densities up to 2.2 g/cm(3) are investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics. Along the isochore of 1.0 g/cm(3), the structure of liquid water above 800 K is dramatically different from that at ambient conditions, where the hydrogen-bonds network collapses. Along the isotherm of 1800 K, the transition from the liquid state to an amorphous superionic phase occurs at 2.0 g/cm(3) (32.9 GPa), which is not observed along the isotherm of 2800 K. With increasing temperature, the average dipole moment of water molecules is decreased arising from the weakened polarization by the collapse of the hydrogen-bonds network, while it is contrarily increased with compression due to the strengthening effect upon the polarization of water molecules. Both higher temperature and pressure broaden the distribution of dipole moment of water molecules due to the enhanced intramolecular charge fluctuations.

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Complex structures of warm and hot dense matter are essential to understanding the behavior of materials in high energy density processes and provide new features of matter constitutions. Here, around a new unified first-principles determined Hugoniot curve of iron from the normal condensed condition up to 1 Gbar, the novel structures characterized by the ionic clusters with electron bubbles are found using quantum Langevin molecular dynamics. Subsistence of complex clusters can persist in the time scale of 50 fs dynamically with quantum flowing bubbles, which are produced by the interplay of Fermi electron degeneracy, the ionic coupling, and the dynamical nature. With the inclusion of those complicated features in quantum Langevin molecular dynamics, the present equation of states could serve as a first-principles based database in a wide range of temperatures and densities.

Theoretical and computational modeling of nonequilibrium processes in warm dense matter represents a significant challenge. The electron-ion relaxation process in warm dense hydrogen is investigated here by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics using the constrained electron force field (CEFF) method. CEFF evolves wave packets that incorporate dynamic quantum diffraction that obviates the Coulomb catastrophe. Predictions from this model reveal temperature relaxation times as much as three times longer than prior molecular dynamics results based on quantum statistical potentials. Through analyses of energy distributions and mean free paths, this result can be traced to delocalization. Finally, an improved GMS [Gericke, Murillo, and Schlanges, Phys. Rev. E 78, 025401 (2008)] model is proposed, in which the Coulomb logarithms are in good agreement with CEFF results. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 122, 015001 (2019) 0031-9007=19=122(1)=015001 (6) 015001-1

Nuclear dynamics in dense hydrogen, which is determined by the key physics of large-angle scattering or many-body collisions between particles, is crucial for the dynamics of planet's evolution and hydrodynamical processes in inertial confinement confusion. Here, using improved ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the nuclear quantum dynamics regarding transport behaviors of dense hydrogen up to the temperatures of 1 eV. With the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs), the ionic diffusions are largely higher than the classical treatment by the magnitude from 20% to 146% as the temperature is decreased from 1 eV to 0.3 eV at 10 g/cm3, meanwhile, electrical and thermal conductivities are significantly lowered. In particular, the ionic diffusion is found much larger than that without NQEs even when both the ionic distributions are the same at 1 eV. The significant quantum delocalization of ions introduces remarkably different scattering cross section between protons compared with classical particle treatments, which explains the large difference of transport properties induced by NQEs. The Stokes-Einstein relation, Wiedemann-Franz law, and isotope effects are re-examined, showing different behaviors in nuclear quantum dynamics.