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This study analyzes change in carbon storage by applying forest growth models and final cutting age to actual and potential forest cover for six major tree species in South Korea. Using National Forest Inventory data, the growth models were developed to estimate mean diameter at breast height, tree height, and number of trees for Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Larix kaempferi, Castanea crenata and Quercus spp. stands. We assumed that actual forest cover in a forest type map will change into potential forest covers according to the Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Groups model. When actual forest cover reaches the final cutting age, forest volume and carbon storage are estimated by changed forest cover and its growth model. Forest volume between 2010 and 2110 would increase from 126.73 to 157.33 m 3 hm −2. Our results also show that forest cover, volume, and carbon storage could abruptly change by 2060. This is attributed to the fact that most forests are presumed to reach final cutting age. To avoid such dramatic change, a regeneration and yield control scheme should be prepared and implemented in a way that ensures balance in forest practice and yield. climate change, final cutting age, carbon storage, national forestry inventory, forest growth model Citation:Nam K, Lee WK, Kim M, Kwak DA, Byun WH, Yu H, Kwak H, Kwon T, Sung J, Chung DJ, Lee SH. Spatio-temporal change in forest cover and carbon storage considering actual and potential forest cover in

To evaluate the effect of ectomycorrhizal colonization on growth and physiological activity of Larix kaempferi seedlings grown under soil acidification, we grew L. kaempferi seedlings with three types of ectomycorrhizae for 180 days in acidified brown forest soil derived from granite. The soil had been treated with an acid solution (0 (control), 10, 30, 60, and 90 mmol H + kg -1 ). The watersoluble concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Al, and Mn increased with increasing amounts of H + added to the soil. Ectomycorrhizal development significantly increased in soil treated with 10 and 30 mmol H + kg -1 but was significantly reduced in soil treated with 60 and 90 mmol H + kg -1 . The concentrations of Al and Mn in needles or roots increased with increasing H + added to the soil. The total N in seedlings significantly increased with increasing H + in soil and colonization with ectomycorrhiza. The maximum net photosynthetic rate at light and CO 2 saturation (P max ) was greater in soil treated with 10 mmol H + kg -1 than in controls, and was less is soils treated with greater than with 30 mmol H + kg -1 , especially with 60 and 90 mmol H + kg -1 . However, colonization with ectomycorrhiza significantly reduced the concentration of Al and Mn in needles or roots and increased the values of P max and total dry mass (TDM). The relative TDM of L. kaempferi seedlings was approximately 40% at a (BC, base cation)/Al ratio of 1.0. However, ectomycorrhizal seedlings had a 100-120% greater TDM at a BC/Al ratio of 1.0 than non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings, even though the acid treatment reduced their overall growth.

This study was performed to estimate the forest cover and volume change using the potential forest cover map and National Forest Inventory (NFI) data of South Korea. The regression models were developed to predict mean diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (h) and number of trees (Nha) for Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Larix kaempferi, Castanea crenata and Quercus spp. stand using NFI data. The second step was to prepare potential forest cover maps after 50 and 100 years using the Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Groups (HyTAGs), and then we compared the produced map with the present forest cover map. For the area where forest cover is changed after 50 years, therefore, the volume could be calculated using regression models and DBH and tree height estimated by ''age class 1'' in this study. On the other hand, the volume of unchanged forest area could be predicted with DBH kþ5 and Nha kþ5 adding age class 5 (50 years) to the present age class k on the forest cover map. The forest volume after 100 years was also calculated with the same process of after-50 years. As a result, it was predicted that the forest cover would be changed rapidly into Quercus spp. forests for the coming 100 years, accompanying the diminution of coniferous forest. The forest volume would dramatically decrease by 358,719,160 m 3 for the coming 50 years because about 80% of coniferous forests are changed into young forests of Quercus spp. by climate change. The forest volume after 100 years would increase to 315,810,920 m 3 due to the growth of young forest during 50 years. However, it should be noted that the change of forest cover and volume was estimated without the consideration of mortality, thinning, and tree planting in this study.