Full Render with AO AO only Without AO Ground Truth AO Fig. 1: Volume rendering with volumetric ambient occlusion achieved through Deep Volumetric Ambient Occlusion (DVAO). DVAO uses a 3D convolutional encoder-decoder architecture, to predict ambient occlusion volumes for a given combination of volume data and transfer function. While we introduce and compare several representation and injection strategies for capturing the transfer function information, the shown images result from preclassified injection based on an implicit representation.

Fig. 1: The image shows a volume containing several intact SARS-CoV-2 virions acquired using cryo-electron tomography 3D imaging. From left to right: slice of the original data; direct volume rendering of the original data; foreground-background segmentation; color-coded four-class segmented data (background, spikes, membrane, lumen).