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(1) Background. Scoliosis is the most common musculoskeletal manifestation of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and it might be dystrophic (D) or non-dystrophic (ND) depending on the presence of dysplastic changes of the spine. The aim of our study was to describe the characteristics and natural history of patients with NF1 and scoliosis. (2) Methods. We retrospectively reviewed records from patients with NF1 and scoliosis. Scoliosis was classified as D if at least two dystrophic changes were documented at imaging. (3) Results. Of the 438 patients reviewed, 43 fulfilled inclusion criteria; 17 were classified in D group and 26 in ND. The groups did not differ in age and localization of scoliosis curvature. Surgery was needed more often in D group, but the between-group difference was not significant. Male-to-female ratios of 3:1 and 4:1 were reported in surgically treated NF1 patients with ND and D scoliosis, respectively. (4) Conclusions. Our data suggests independently by the presence of dysplastic changes affecting the spine that males with NF1 are more often affected by scoliosis that requires surgery.

Uterine tumors with sex-cord-like differentiation are extremely rare types of uterine stromal neoplasm. These tumors were classified into two groups with considerable practical relevance because clinical behaviour of uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) differs widely from its closely related endometrial stromal tumors with sex-cord-like elements (ESTSCLE). Treatment and prognosis of these tumors are unresolved issues because of the exiguous number of reported cases. We describe a rare case of endometrial stromal tumor with sex-cord-like differentiation successfully treated by resectoscopic surgery and conservation of the uterus, in an infertile patient affected by metrorrhagia. This procedure resulted in a pregnancy immediately after treatment and in a successful delivery. During 60 months of follow-up no evidence of recurrence was observed.

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