Purpose: Ankle arthroscopy has been used as a standard tool by foot and ankle surgeons. To overcome the narrowness of ankle joint, a noninvasive distraction technique is used for the successful visualization in ankle arthroscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of complications associated with ankle arthroscopy using a noninvasive distraction technique and to report a troublesome complication. Methods: We reviewed 514 patients’ charts from 2003 to 2011. The same noninvasive distraction technique was used. Patients’ demography, duration of follow-up, diagnoses, procedures, and complications related to ankle arthroscopy were analyzed. Results: There were 388 male and 126 female; mean age was 37.2 years; mean follow-up duration was 33 months. The diagnoses were osteochondral lesion of talus, chronic ankle instability, anterolateral soft tissue impingement syndrome, and anterior bony impingement. We performed arthroscopic synovectomy, osteochondral procedure, bony spur excision, and loose body removal. The mean time of arthroscopic procedure was 47 min. There were neurologic complications (eight cases), skin necrosis of posterior thigh (three cases), instrument breakage (two cases), and superficial wound infection (one case). All complications were well resolved. The total duration of distraction plus tourniquet inflation exceeded 120 min in the three cases of skin necrosis. Skin necrosis was deemed to be resulted from the long tourniquet time. Conclusion: The noninvasive distraction technique is safe and effective for ankle arthroscopy. However, the distraction plus tourniquet requires attention because it can cause high pressure on posterior thigh resulting in soft tissue injury.
We aimed to determine whether knee OA is associated with CVD risk and all-cause death and to evaluate whether the association differs by exercise behavior. We used Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) database and included 201,466 participants (7572 subjects diagnosed with knee OA) who underwent health screening between 2009 and 2015. Those who had been diagnosed with knee OA or CVD before the index year were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were used after adjusting for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors to evaluate the association between knee OA and CVD risk and all-cause death. Stratification analysis was further performed to determine the effect of exercise behavior on this relationship. During a median follow-up of 7.06 ± 2.24 years, 8743 CVD (2510 MI and 6553 stroke) cases developed. Individuals with knee OA had increased risks of CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.38], myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44), and stroke (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16–1.43) compared with those without knee OA. Those with knee OA who did not exercise had an increased risk of CVD (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11–1.40), whereas no significant increased CVD risk was observed in those with knee OA who exercised at least once a week (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.96–1.28). There was no association between knee osteoarthritis and all-cause death. Knee OA was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD. Lack of exercise might have a synergistic adverse effect on the association between knee OA and CVD.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between general and central obesity, and their changes with risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using retrospective cohort data collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We studied 1,139,463 people aged 50 and over who received a health examination in 2009. To evaluate the association between general and/or central obesity and knee OA risk, a Cox proportional hazard models were used. Additionally, we investigate knee OA risk according to the change in obesity status over 2 years for subjects who had undergone health examinations for 2 consecutive years. General obesity without central obesity (HR 1.281, 95% CI 1.270–1.292) and central obesity without general obesity (HR 1.167, 95% CI 1.150–1.184) were associated with increased knee OA risk than the comparison group. Individuals with both general with central obesity had the highest risk (HR 1.418, 95% CI 1.406–1.429). This association was more pronounced in women and younger age group. Remarkably, the remission of general or central obesity over two years was associated with decreased knee OA risk (HR 0.884; 95% CI 0.867–0.902; HR 0.900; 95% CI 0.884–0.916, respectively). The present study found that both general and central obesity were associated with increased risk of knee OA and the risk was highest when the two types of obesity were accompanied. Changes in obesity status have been confirmed to alter the risk of knee OA.
Purpose: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a clinically efficacious surgical option for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. However, TKA increases the risk of serious bleeding and blood transfusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in postoperative blood loss in groups subjected to 3 h of clamping and non-clamping and determine the variations in rate and amount of transfusion after TKA between the two groups. Materials and methods: Propensity score matching of the group subjected to 3-h drain clamping (43 patients; September 2015 to April 2016) and the control group (43 patients; before initiating the clamping method) was performed in patients undergoing unilateral primary posterior stabilized TKA. The two groups were compared. We measured the total drained blood volume until the drain was removed 48 h after surgery, and we compared the preoperative levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit with levels observed on days 1 and 2 after surgery. We also determined the blood transfusion rate and volume as well as the occurrence of clamping-associated complications. Results: In the group subjected to 3-h drain clamping, the mean volume of total drained blood was significantly lower than in the control group (333.8 ± 190.2 mL vs. 839.9 ± 339.8 mL, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in total blood loss between the two groups (1226.9 ± 488.1 mL vs. 1127.1 ± 424.5 mL, P = 0.315), but the hidden blood loss was significantly higher in the 3-h drain clamping group than in the control group (893.1 ± 487.7 mL vs. 294.7 ± 531.8 mL, P <0.001). Both the transfusion rate and amount in the 3-h drain clamped group were higher than in the control group but were not statistically significant (30.2% vs. 37.2%, P = 0.494 and 269.8 ± 483.8 mL vs. 316.3 ± 158.2 mL, P = 0.648, respectively). No significant differences in complications, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, and oozing, were noted between the two groups (all, P = 1.000). Conclusions: The 3-h drain clamping method after primary TKA using posterior stabilized implant reduced the loss of postoperative drained blood. However, hidden blood loss was significantly higher in the 3-h drain clamping group; as a result, there were no differences in total blood loss and transfusion rate. The clamping method did not significantly alter the complication rate.
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