Notwithstanding the inflows of currency for the populations who practice it, the cultivation of the cashew tree contributes to strengthening the forestry agrosystem in Côte d'Ivoire. However, this culture, with multiple interests, is confronted with attacks from parasites including bacterial disease. Bacterial disease causes extensive damage to vegetative organs as well as fruits and causes yield losses. The objective of this study is to assess the behavior of cashew genotypes in relation to the severity and incidence of bacterial disease in the context of agroforestry production in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, 1.200 branches were observed to assess the tolerance or sensitivity of 30 cashew trees in agroforestry orchards of cashew trees in the localities of Korhogo, Sinématiali and Boundiali. These cashew genotypes were selected and geolocated. The factor studied is the cashew genotype, composed of 30 cashew genotypes, with 6 modalities which are the severity index of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts, the incidence of bacterial disease. bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts. The data collected that are the index of severity of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts, the incidence of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts have made the subject to descriptive analysis and PCA. The ascending hierarchical classification (HAC) and multivariate analysis completed the data analysis. The results obtained revealed three groups of cashew trees. Those of group 3 made up of twelve (12) genotypes, namely SYDN, SDYY, SDYN and KBSD coming from the localities of Sinématiali and Korhogo, differ from the others by a weak infection of the nuts (8.67 ± 2.74). The genotypes in this group are more resilient and their development in an agroforestry system could help promote  agroecological management of bacterial disease, improve and intensify agroforestry practices in C. d'Ivoire.

As in all cashew producing areas, anthracnose causes enormous production losses in cashew agroforestry farms in Côte d'Ivoire. To overcome this problem, the use of anthracnose-resilient production plant material in cashew forest agrosystems is becoming a necessity for sustainable development. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the behavior of genotypes of cashew trees cultivated in peasant agroforestry systems in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. To do this, peasant agroforestry cashew orchards were prospected, cashew trees were marked, codified and geolocated. The incidence and severity of anthracnose were then assessed on the marked and geotagged cashew leaves, twigs, inflorescences and fruits. Descriptive analysis of the incidence and severity data revealed that more than 50% of the genotypes studied are resilient to anthracnose with an incidence on nuts in the order of 0.00 ± 5.75%. The ACP explained 52.96% of the total variability observed with the first two axes. The CAH made it possible to structure these genotypes into four groups. MANOVA showed that genotypes in groups 2 and 4 exhibited traits of resilience against anthracnose disease. Group 2 was characterized by a relative absence of disease in the fruits (0.00 ±0.00) and by very severe infections in the twigs (88.19 ± 2.98). Groups 4 were differentiated by low fruit infections (1.32±0.32) and low incidence on fruits (2.17±1.09). These results should help promote the agroecological management of anthracnose disease, enhance and intensify agroforestry practices in Côte d'Ivoire.

The high cost of fungicides, the international markets standards for agricultural product quality, the environmental issues and consumer health discourage to the application of chemical control. The strategy is therefore to develop alternative solutions, less expensive and addresses environmental concerns. This study was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal potency of Crotalaria retusa L. on Phytophthora sp. and Fusarium solani, two phytopathogenic fungi. This plant was selected after an ethnobotanical study conducted in the sub-prefecture of Lauzoua in Côte d'Ivoire. It is considered to be the most widely used in the treatment of microbial diseases. The phytochemical screening of this legume species was carried out, and showed the presence of saponosides, sterols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones and polyterpenes. The sensitivity of these two phytopathogenic fungi strains was tested in vitro in presence of the aqueous extract of Crotalaria retusa L. by using double dilution method on PDA medium (Potato Dextrose Agar). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of spawn growth was 1.56 mg/ml for both fungi. The minimum fungicide concentration (CMF) was 6.25 mg/ml for Phytophthora sp and 12.50 mg/ml for Fusarium solani. The presence of chemical compounds in this plant justifies its antifungal activity and its traditional use areas.

Background: The microbiological quality of three vegetable crops (cabbages, carrots, lettuces) and their irrigation water from the lake system of the city of Yamoussoukro were studied. The pollution indicator used is Escherichia coli (E. coli), of the thermotolerant coliform family. Methods: During the period 2017-2019, in four dry and four wet seasons, a total of 744 water samples and 13392 vegetable samples were collected in five (5) lakes belonging to the lake system. The lakes were selected because of their position in the system. The E. coli loads were evaluated after isolation on a specific COMPASS ECC Agar and confirmed with Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the physicochemical parameters of the lakes, evaluated according to their respective ISO standards. Result: In irrigation waters, bacterial loads and physico-chemical parameters generally have evolved from the upstream lakes to those downstream of the lake system (from lake A to lake E). Values were higher during the rainy seasons. E. coli loads on vegetables were strongly correlated with those of irrigation water, especially in dry seasons. Spearman’s correlations revealed significant correlations between turbidity, DOC and bacterial loads. The risk of bacterial transmission between lake waters and surrounding vegetables is proven.

In Côte d'Ivoire, cashew cultivation faces several health obstacles. Among these problems, bacteriosis causes extensive damage to twigs, leaves and fruits, lowers the quality of crops and causes yield losses. The spread of this disease would be under the determination of the morphological characters of the cashew tree. The objective of this study is to search for agro-morphological determinants that influence the spread of bacteriosis in agroforestry systems in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, 30 cashew trees spread across 26 agroforestry cashew orchards in the Korhogo, Sinématiali and Boundiali departments were chosen and geolocated. The study factor is the clone, consisting of 30 cashew genotypes, with 13 modalities. The collected data was subjected to descriptive analysis, correlation test, ACP and ascending hierarchical classification (CAH). The results obtained showed that the size and leaf areas and size of cashew trees are determinants that promote the spread of bacteriosis in these 30 cashew genotypes. Following this result, the ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) made it possible to screen the genotypes into three groups. These results should contribute to the agroecological management of bacteriosis, to enhance and intensify agroforestry cropping systems in Côte d'Ivoire.