Introduction:Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in females worldwide, and its incidence has been rising at an exponential pace in the last 10 years even in India. Mammography has been the mainstay for detection of breast cancer over decades and has gradually advanced from screen film to full-field digital mammography. Recently, tomosynthesis has evolved as an advanced imaging investigation for early diagnosis of breast lesions in both diagnostic and screening settings.Aim of Study:To compare and evaluate the impact of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) compared to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in the interpretation of BIRADS score in both diagnostic and screening settings.Settings and Design:A 1-year prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Radio-diagnosis in our institute using Hologic Selenia Dimensions for mammography as well as tomosynthesis.Materials and Methods:One hundred women known or suspected (opportunistic screening) for breast cancer were evaluated either with FFDM alone or both FFDM and DBT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and P value were used to assess the various diagnostic criteria in our study.Results:Addition of DBT to FFDM results in a statistically significant increase in the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, and a statistically significant decrease in the false positive rates. Similar results were noted in both diagnostic and screening cases. It was observed that, in most cases, i.e. a total of 47, DBT did not change the BIRADS scoring; however, its addition increased the diagnostic confidence. BIRADS was upgraded and downgraded in 14 and 31 cases, respectively, with the addition of DBT to FFDM. New lesions were seen with addition of DBT to FFDM in 8 cases.Conclusion:Addition of DBT to FFDM results in increase in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and a statistically significant decrease in false positive rates in both diagnostic and screening cases. As addition of tomosynthesis results in a significant decrease in recall rate, it should be added, at least, in all screening mammography programs.

IntroductionThe knowledge of the nature and magnitude of growth and development of human face is important for sound diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial disharmonies. The depth of antegonial notch and morphology of mandible are important indicators of growth pattern. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antegonial notch depth, mandibular symphysis morphology, and symphysis inclination in various facial types categorized into the normo-, hypo-, and hyperdivergent groups using various parameters. Materials and Methods Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 45 adult patients with age group between 16 and 30 years were taken. The antegonial notch depth, symphysis height, symphysis depth, ratio (height of symphysis/depth of symphysis), angulation of symphysis, and inclination of symphysis to mandibular plane were analyzed statistically. Result It was found that the mandible with the hyperdivergent growth pattern was associated with an increased antegonial notch depth, increased symphysis height, reduced symphysis depth, large ratio, small symphysis angle, and large inclination angle of the symphysis. Conclusion The results for the antegonial notch depth, symphysis height, symphysis depth, and ratio of symphysis height to symphysis depth were statistically significant whereas the angulation of the symphysis and inclination of the symphysis did not show statistically significant results. AbstractKeywords ► hypodivergent ► hyperdivergent ► antegonial notch ► mandibular morphology Dent J Adv Stud 2018;6:80-88

Introduction Palatal rugae or plica palatine are the finger prints of the oral cavity and the arch length varies between males and females. These two parameters constitute an integral part of the anthropometric studies in the realms of dentistry as well as forensic odontology. The aim of this study was to assess whether any relationship existed between the upper arch length and the rugae pattern and whether these two parameters showed any gender differentiation. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of upper and lower study models of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females). Arch lengths were measured using a brass wire and rugae were traced on the dental casts and assessed by applying the Thomas and Kotze classification (1983). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. Results The results showed that the maxillary and mandibular arch length dimensions were higher in males than in females; however, the differences were found to be statistically insignificant. The assessment of rugae pattern showed that the male subjects had a higher number of rugae. The differences in rugae pattern distribution for male and female subjects were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The palatal rugae pattern and maxillary arch length can be used as an additional method in differentiating gender between human population groups.

Introduction Midline diastema is a common esthetic problem in mixed and permanent dentition. It is considered attractive in some cultures and unattractive in others. Aim The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of anterior diastema by dental students and laypersons. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 100 undergraduate students of Bhojia Dental College (n = 50) and Bhojia Nursing College (n = 50), Himachal Pradesh, India. A self-prepared questionnaire was given, which consisted of two parts: first part had personal details (name, age, sex, knowledge of diastema) and the second part contained an edited photograph of a patient who had reported to the Department of Orthodontics, Bhojia Dental College, with the chief complaint of midline diastema. The photographs were modified by photoediting software and arranged according to the previous studies on anterior diastema by Frush and Fisher, Lombardi, and Simian. A visual analog scale with scores 1–4 (1, most attractive; 2, attractive; 3, less attractive; 4, least attractive) was used to rank these photographs by the students. Comparison between various variables was made by using chi-squared test. Results Smile attractiveness from the most to the least attractive was Simian > Frush and Fisher > Lombardi > midline diastema among both dental and nursing students. Gender and presence of diastema had no relation with the students’ perceptions (p > 0.05). Conclusion The location and width of diastema had an important role in the perception of dental diastemas. Midline diastema was a gap with most negative perception.

IntroductionThe impact of third molars in occurrence of secondary mandibular incisor crowding has been a disputable subject and is reviewed in the dental literature for many years. The relationships between lower third molar angulation, eruption level, and eruption space to lower anterior crowding are not completely understood. Aim To evaluate the relation between the third molar angulations, eruption space, eruption level, and mandibular anterior crowding. Materials and Methods Pretreatment plaster study models (mandibular dental arches) and orthopantomograph of 40 individuals, aged between 12 and 22 years, were part of the study. The whole sample was divided into two groups based on the Little's index of irregularity: group I-control group (n = 20) composed of patients with index 0 to 3 mm, and group II-study group (n = 20) composed of patients with index > 3 mm. Calculations were made for the third molar eruption depth, eruption space, and angulation. Statistical Analysis Mean values were compared for selected dimensions between the control and study groups with Student's t-test. Results Statistically significant differences for Ganss ratio in right side between the control and study groups with a p-value of 0.049 were observed. Statistically insignificant difference was seen between the control and study groups for other parameters. Eruption level B was found for maximum molars in the study group, 95% on right and 85% on left side. Conclusion It was inferred that no strong relation exists between the third molar eruption level, space, and angulations to mandibular anterior crowding. AbstractKeywords ► mandibular anterior crowding ► third molar eruption level ► third eruption space ► third molar angulation Dent J Adv Stud 2018;6:89-96