To compare the conjunctival flora of diabetic individuals and non-diabetic individuals and assess their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out from September 2016 to August 2018 with 92 patients of age group from 40-70 years, to assess the conjunctival flora and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals without any pre-existing ocular diseases and adnexal disease. Result: The rate of positive culture in Group A (Diabetics) was significantly higher as compared to Group B (Non-Diabetics) (21.7% vs. 4.3% respectively) (p<0.05). It was noted that there was a significantly higher incidence of the bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis in Group A (Diabetics) as compared to Group B (Non-Diabetics) (p<0.05). The antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated in patients in Group A (Diabetics) showed the following observations -in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphlococcusaureus maximum sensitivity was seen with Gentamicin. Conclusion: A higher positive culture rate was seen in diabetic individuals as compared to non-diabetic individuals. It was then concluded that, as gentamicin shows maximum sensitivity to gram-posit ive and gram-negative organisms, Gentamicin is the drug of choice which takes cares of gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria and can be considered as routine pre-operative topical medication. Pre-operative cataract work up.
BackgroundIn India, donor eye collection and promotion of eye banking are insufficient to meet the needs. By adequately evaluating donor corneas, eye banks can maximize the number of viable corneas for transplantation. This study evaluated donor corneal tissue based on age, lens status, and cause of death by their morphology and endothelial cell count via slit lamp and specular microscopy. MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study of all eye bank donor corneas indicated for eye donation at a tertiary hospital and research center in Western Maharashtra between September 2019 to December 2021. We evaluated the corneoscleral discs by slit-lamp microscopy specular microscopy. We analyzed donor corneas quantitatively and qualitatively and graded them accordingly. We also collected blood samples for serological testing and the donor's behavioral and family medical histories. ResultsWe collected 94 eyes from 47 donors; the mean age of the donor population was 48.2 years, and most donors were aged 41 to 80 years. Thirty-one donors (65.96%) were male, and 16 were female (34.04%. For preservation, we used Cornisol (Aurolab, Madurai, India) in 36 cases (77%) and McCarey-Kaufman medium in 11 cases (23%). We found a mean endothelial cell density (ECD) of 2214.40/mm2, with hexagonality of 53.05%, and a coefficient of variation of 38.01. Further, we observed that ECD and hexagonality of cells in phakic donors were significantly greater than that of pseudophakic (PP) donors. Moreover, ECD and hexagonality significantly decreased in donors with the chronic disease compared to those who had a sudden, unexpected death. ConclusionCorneal grafts from younger donors, phakic donors, and donors who experienced an acute cause of death were qualitatively and quantitatively significantly better than those of older donors, PP donors, and donors who experienced sudden, unexpected death. Therefore, eye bank specular examination can improve tissue utilization and transplantation success. Therefore, we strongly recommend that eye bank personnel evaluate their donor tissue with a specular microscope to enhance the quality of eye care.
To study the association of HbA1C levels with diabetic retinopathy. A total of 330 diagnosed diabetic subjects of all age groups and genders participated in the study. They were grouped according to presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy. All patients HbA1C levels along with fasting blood glucose levels was obtained. Observations were made to find the association between HbA1C levels and diabetic retinopathy. Mean HbA1c level among diabetic retinopathy subjects (9.50) was higher than subjects without retinopathy (8.49). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). With high HbA1c levels high mean fasting blood glucose levels were associated (R value: 0.5856). This is a moderate positive correlation. As glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels increases prevalence of diabetic retinopathy also increases and there is a strong relationship between HbA1c levels and diabetic retinopathy.
A potential complication of cataract surgery is posterior capsular rent, where PCIOL can’t be implanted. Primary Iris claw implantation means that the IC-IOL is implanted in the same setting after cataract removal. While secondary Iris claw lens implant is done in an aphakic eye without capsular support and post cataract surgeries when the eye is left aphakic. To compare the visual outcome in cases of primary and secondary iris claw lens implantation after cataract surgery.This was a hospital-based Prospective Interventional Longitudinal study,conducted on patients in a tertiary care centre, in Western Maharashtra from September 2018 to August 2020. 31 eyes underwent primary iris claw implant and 19 underwent secondary iris claw implant. Highly significant difference in visual acuity preoperatively due aphakia among subjects who underwent secondary iris claw implantation (p=0.000) was seen. Highly significant difference in visual acuity post operatively till 15 days was also seen due to less corneal oedema& inflammation in patients who underwent secondary iris claw implantation. No significant difference in visual acuity was seen on day 40 as lens was put in both the groups and the signs of inflammation had reduced (p=0.759).Overall visual outcome after 40 days is comparable in primary and secondary cases. It is better to do a primary retro fixated iris claw implantation, as in case of a secondary implant the patient will have undue anxiety, to undergo a second surgery along with increased financial burden and patient can develop complications due to aphakia.
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