Palavras-chave: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, plantas de cobertura, ciclagem de nutrientes, produtividade. ABSTRACT Development and productivity of cauliflower and cabbage influenced by soil mulching typesThe use of cover crops preceding vegetable cultivation has been one option to reduce the necessity of mineral fertilizers. In this study we evaluated the soil covers applied preceding planting and its effects on some agronomic characteristics and productivity of cauliflower and cabbage. We used a factorial randomized blocks design, with four soil covers (sunnhemp, brachiaria, millet and fallow) and two crops (cauliflower and cabbage) with four replications in plots of 20 m 2 (4x5 m). We determined the number of leaves, height, head and stem diameter, and fresh and dry mass. Mulches influenced positively the agronomic characteristics of cauliflower and cabbage for head diameter (55.1 and 194.8 cm), stem diameter (70.4 and 49.2 mm) and horizontal diameter (169.9 and 14 8 mm), fresh mass (1.0 to 2.8 kg) and dry mass of the head (73.4 and 0.65 g) and productivity (7.3 to 19.2 t/ha) of the crops, respectively, when grown on brachiaria waste. The marketable fresh mass of cabbage (2.8 kg) was higher than the standard required by the Brazilian consumer market.
Soil management has a major effect on soil physical characteristics, and consequently on soil organic matter (SOM) content, which are important for the success of crop production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil physical attributes and the accumulation of SOM in no-tillage systems (NTS) with different periods of implantation in a conventional tillage area and to compare them with native forest (NF) in the Cerrado biome. The experiment was planned in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting of three soil treatments (NTS for 17 years (NTS17), NTS for 5 years (NTS5) and NF) and four soil depths (0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3 and 0.3–0.4 m), with a completely randomised design and four replicates. At deep soil layers (0.2–0.4 m) the NTS17 area had a greater soil density than the NTS5 and NF areas, and greater SOM compared with the NTS5 area. Soil macroporosity in the NTS5 area was below 10% at all soil depths evaluated. The NF area had the greatest total organic carbon content (1.39 dag kg–1), stock of carbon (16.63 Mg ha--1), amount of soil organic matter (28.66 Mg ha--1) and equivalent carbon credits (60.96 Mg ha–1). Carbon stocks were similar in the NTS areas in all soil depths evaluated. The results indicate that conventional tillage areas can be successfully recovered under the Cerrado edaphoclimatic conditions with the implantation of an NTS.
Modelling of Soil Penetration reSiStance for an oxiSol... 89 r. Bras. ci. Solo, 36:89-95, 2012 Modelling of Soil Penetration reSiStance for an oxiSol under no-tillage (1) João tavares filho (2) , clarissa tieme Matsuda feltran (3) , José francirlei de oliveira (3) & edinei de almeida (3) SuMMary Soil penetration resistance is an important property that affects root growth and elongation and water movement in the soil. Since no-till systems tend to increase organic matter in the soil, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency with which soil penetration resistance is estimated using a proposed model based on moisture content, density and organic matter content in an oxisol containing 665, 221 and 114 g kg-1 of clay, silt and sand respectively under annual no-till cropping, located in londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. Penetration resistance was evaluated at random locations continually from May 2008 to february 2011, using an impact penetrometer to obtain a total of 960 replications. for the measurements, soil was sampled at depths of 0 to 20 cm to determine gravimetric moisture (g), bulk density (d) and organic matter content (M). the penetration resistance curve (Pr) was adjusted using two non-linear models (Pr = a d b g c and Pr' = a d b g c M d), where a, b, c and d are coefficients of the adjusted model. it was found that the model that included M was the most efficient for estimating Pr, explaining 91 % of Pr variability, compared to 82 % of the other model. index terms: no-till, compaction, physical properties, organic matter.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sources and doses of organic and mineral fertilization on the production of green-leaf lettuce. The experiment design used randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (6×3), with six doses of fertilizers (1 = 0; 2 = 25; 3 = 50; 4 = 100; 5 = 150, and 6 = 200% of the recommended fertilization for green-leaf lettuce crop) and three sources of fertilizers [cattle manure (CaM) and chicken manure (ChM), decomposed, on a wet basis and applied 100% at planting at the doses: CaM – 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1; ChM – 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 Mg ha-1; mineral fertilization (MF) varying the N levels: 0, 37.5, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg ha-1 plus 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 60 kg ha-1 of K2O]. The fertilization with CaM and ChM was more efficient than the MF at increasing the production of green-leaf lettuce, mainly because of the higher residual effects of P in the Oxisol. The ChM provided a higher soil pH, P and K, while the CaM provided a higher soil Mg, organic carbon and organic matter. The dose with 144% of organic fertilization exclusively on a wet basis corresponding to 72 Mg ha-1 of CaM and 29 Mg ha-1 of ChM resulted in the highest green-leaf lettuce yield.
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