In order to reduce the stress caused to patients by conventional methods of modeling using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an optical modeling process has been developed for extraoral defects and body areas. The selected body part is digitized using optical 3-coordinate measuring technology, providing an extensive data record. This is adapted for further use by equalizing the point clouds to obtain a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model, which is converted to a physical model by means of a stereolithographic process. With this technology, the patient's physical and psychological stress may be reduced. This article describes a technique for optical modeling of an ocular prosthesis. (J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:80-4.) Unti l recently, conventional impression materials such as silicones or irreversible hydrocolloid and technologies (single or dual cycle processes with or without molding aids) have been used to fabricate maxillofacial prostheses, individual respiratory masks, and extraoral radiation devices. Depending on the impression material and the method of positioning the patient during the impression procedure, displacement of the soft tissues can occur. 1 Various materials have been used to support the impression materials during the procedure. 2 Industrially preproportioned, mechanically miscible, irreversible hydrocolloids (for example, Algicap; Ivoclar, Schaan, Fuerstentum, Liechtenstein) have been used. These materials had the advantage of preventing errors in proportioning and mixing when silicones were used; cartridge systems provided the same advantage. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Newer technologies are oriented to computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, whereby the patient undergoes considerable exposure to radiation. 9-11 To avoid these disadvantages, an optical modeling process for extraoral defects and body areas was developed. The development was based on experience in the collection of digitized data for toothrelated, model-dependent representations. 12-15 The optical 3-dimensional (3-D) scanning unit provides a point cloud or virtual model of the face. The primary principle used to obtain digitized data for extraoral areas is the method of structured light illumination with a digitallight projection unit. 16,17 Use of 3-D scanning in medical applications has specific system requirements: the body part (for example, the face) should be viewed from different directions simultaneously; the measurements should be made within seconds; and the system should be mobile and simple to use.Such a system was developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering in Jena, Germany. It is a mobile, multiview 3-D measuring system (called "kolibri-mobile") based on self-calibrating fringe projection technology, which facilitates the fully automatic recording of the body part from various directions in one measuring process. 17 Thus, it is possible to view the face in one complete sweep, from ear to ear and from below the chin to the forehea...
SPEP-NC information offers new possibilities for object-oriented data management. A strong need for high information content and the increasing object-oriented CAM software requires a new information level for preparation and execution tasks in part manufacturing. This paper describes applications of different intelligent methods especially to support distributed technological data management. The problem of current technological databases will be solved with the help of agent technology and machine learning for distributed information on the shop floor and in planning departments. The authors introduce a combination of agent-based organization and selflearning of feature-based technological information. The prototype includes three components for coordination, data acquisition and preprocessing of technological information to assist human engineers in planning and manufacturing.
Previous studies showed the technical feasibility of additive manufacturing (AM) of Mo-Si-B alloys using the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The competitiveness of the properties of AM alloys was demonstrated by a comparison to literature data from conventionally processed Mo-Si-B materials. In addition to the excellent mechanical properties at ambient and elevated temperatures, the oxidation resistance in a wide temperature range is another decisive aspect for the potential use of AM Mo-Si-B alloys. The present work shows investigations on the cyclic oxidation performance of a eutectic AM Mo-16.5Si-7.5B alloy. Depending on the temperature (800 °C, 1100 °C, 1300 °C), the oxidation mechanisms are different, which is due to different reactions at the surface of the alloys accompanied with mass changes of samples. These mass changes can be explained on the basis of microstructural investigations. However, compared to a directionally solidified (DS) alloy, the AM alloy shows improved oxidation resistance.
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