Recebido em 22/6/10; aceito em 15/2/11; publicado na web em 15/4/11 RISK ANALYSIS OF WATER CONTAMINATION BY PESTICIDES IN ALTO PARANAÍBA, MG, BRAZIL. A preliminary analyses of the possible contamination of surface and groundwater by the active ingredients of the pesticide products used in the areas with intensive agricultural activities of Alto Paranaíba region, MG, Brazil, was carried out. The active ingredients and formulated products most used in the region were identified and their characteristics of environmental importance were presented. The EPA screening criteria, the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) and the criteria proposed by Goss were used to evaluate which pesticides might contaminate the local waters. Among the active ingredients studied, several present risks to the local aquatic environment.Keywords: contamination; pesticides; risk analysis. INTRODUÇÃOInseridos no Programa de Assentamento Dirigido do Alto Paranaíba (PADAP), iniciado em 1973, que abrangeu uma área de 60.000 ha e permitiu a implantação de sistemas de cultivo intensivo no Cerrado mineiro, 1 os municípios de Rio Paranaíba, São Gotardo e Ibiá são destaques no cenário agrícola regional em relação às culturas de café, milho, soja, feijão, batata-inglesa, beterraba, cebola, cenoura, alho, trigo e cana-de-açúcar. 2Sistemas agrícolas de produção intensiva como os realizados nos municípios supracitados elevam a necessidade do uso de pesticidas para o controle das pragas que atacam as lavouras e prejudicam as colheitas. Para assegurar a alta produtividade, uma gama variada de defensivos agrícolas é utilizada em grande quantidade ao longo de todo o ano na região agrícola desses municípios. Entretanto, a utilização não criteriosa destes produtos pode comprometer a qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas e, consequentemente, gerar sérios problemas para a flora e fauna nativas, para a saúde do trabalhador rural e de comunidades vizinhas. 3,4 Além da atividade agrícola com o uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, a qualidade das águas nos municípios de Rio Paranaíba, São Gotardo e Ibiá merece atenção especial visto que estes municípios se encontram localizados em uma região de nascentes com importantes afluentes para as Bacias Hidrográficas do Rio São Francisco-Sul e do Rio Paranaíba. Apesar da existência de indicadores referentes à contaminação da Bacia do Rio Paranaíba em áreas adjacentes, onde há predominância da agricultura com uso de agroquímicos, 5 não existem, até o momento, informações se as práticas agrícolas destes municípios do PADAP corroboram, ou não, com os indicadores encontrados.Os programas de monitoramento da qualidade de águas superficiais e/ou subterrâneas constituem uma maneira dos órgãos competentes avaliarem a qualidade destas em áreas de intensa atividade agrícola. Estes programas são realizados mediante análises laboratoriais periódicas da água e/ou solo, em função dos pesticidas utilizados em uma determinada região. 6,7 No entanto, devido ao grande número de produtos disponíveis atualmente, 8 a identificação dos ingredien...
Silicon (Si) accumulation in plants may reduce yield losses by inducing resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the Si accumulation by lignocellulosic sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a greenhouse experiment, as well as the effect of its application on agricultural traits and on the induction of resistance against anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) in a field experiment. Sixteen sorghum genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse for their response to silicate fertilization, receiving either 0 kg ha-1 or 261 kg ha-1 of Si, measuring the Si concentration in the sorghum shoots. Four genotypes that were responsive to Si fertilization were tested in the field, receiving either 0 kg ha-1 or 400 kg ha-1 of Si, being evaluated the Si concentration on the leaves, plant height, lodging percentage, anthracnose disease severity, grain yield and plant fresh and dry matter. The response of sorghum to Si fertilization in the greenhouse varied with the genotype and, of the 16 genotypes evaluated, 12 were responsive, accumulating more Si after the fertilization with this element. All four genotypes tested in the field were responsive, but no effect of Si was observed on grain yield or on sorghum fresh and dry matter production. However, the soil Si application reduced the plant lodging and anthracnose severity ratings in sorghum.
Crop-Livestock Integration System (CLIS) under no-tillage system (NTS) is a technology that has proven critical to the maintenance of agricultural and environmental sustainability in Brazilian tropical conditions. It is one of the alternatives developed by national research for producers to optimize and diversify the use of agricultural areas to obtain higher incomes by area with lower costs, besides recovering degraded areas and improve the physical, chemical and biological soil. The aim of this review is to disseminate results and gather information to demonstrate that CLIS under NTS is a Brazilian technology with economic and environmental sustainability is applicable to several regions. It was observed that the use of CLIS with NTS in our tropical climate conditions is an important tool that provides food production (grains), meat and milk with sustainability in most regions.
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