Li metal can potentially deliver much higher specific capacity than commercially used anodes. Nevertheless, because of its poor reversibility, abundant excess Li (usually more than three times) is required in Li metal batteries, leading to higher costs and decreased energy density. Here, a concentrated lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI)–lithium nitrate (LiNO3)–lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) ternary‐salts electrolyte is introduced to realize a high stable Li metal full‐cell with only a slight excess of Li. LiNO3 and LiFSI contribute to the formation of stable Li2O–LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface layers, and LiTFSI helps to stabilize the electrolyte under high concentration. Li metal in the electrolyte remains stable over 450 cycles and the average Coulombic efficiency reaches 99.1%. Moreover, with 0.5 × excess Li metal, the Coulombic efficiency of Li metal in the LiTFSI–LiNO3–LiFSI reaches 99.4%. The electrolyte also presents high stability to the LiFePO4 cathode, the capacity retention after 500 cycles is 92.0% and the Coulombic efficiency is 99.8%. A Li metal full‐cell with only 0.44 × excess Li is also assembled, it remains stable over 70 cycles and 83% of the initial capacity is maintained after 100 cycles.
Ceria
is a common component of engine aftertreatment catalysts
due to its oxygen storage ability, its redox properties, and its role
in stabilizing Pt against sintering. The interactions between ceria
and NH3 or NO
x
were investigated
to better understand the role of ceria in oxidation reactions occurring
over a diesel oxidation catalyst, in the reduction of NO
x
on lean NO
x
traps, and
in the selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of NH3. Ceria
proved active in NO oxidation, selective catalytic reduction of NO
by NH3 (NH3–SCR), and NH3–SCO
reactions. Between 100 and 450 °C, both NH3 and NO
x
adsorbed on ceria simultaneously. In the
absence of NO
x
, NH3 was oxidized
over CeO2 forming N2 via a two-step selective
catalytic reduction mechanism at low temperature and NO
x
at high temperature. In the presence of NO
x
, NH3 reacted with adsorbed NO
x
species, again forming N2 at lower temperatures
(250–450 °C), while at higher temperature, a significant
portion of the NH3 was oxidized, with product NO formed.
We performed DFT
calculations to understand CO activation over
a χ-Fe5C2 Fischer–Tropsch catalyst.
The χ-Fe5C2 catalyst exhibits unique CO
activation behaviors, and the BEP relation is nearly valid for this
system. The physical basis of this relation mainly originates from
the site-dependent charge of the involved surface Fe atoms for the
CO activation. This descriptor is also applicable to describe the
CO activation on the χ-Fe5C2 catalyst
with more complex surface properties involving K promoter, nonstoichiometric
termination, and/or carbon vacancy. The insights revealed here might
guide the rational catalyst design via surface electronic modification.
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