With the changing global scenario there is effect not only on the human survival but also on the prevalence of existing pathogens and appearance of new infectious agents among animal population. This paper emphasises the need for prevalence studies. A retrospective study for 6 years on prevalence of hemoprotozoans in dogs in Chennai showed Babesia gibsoni the predominant parasite of dogs. Details are discussed in this paper.
In the current study, an attempt was made to encapsulate assembly pheromone using natural polymer, chitosan. Chitosan beads were prepared by incorporating assembly pheromone in conjunction with an acaricide, namely, deltamethrin. In the in vitro bioassay, the test beads attracted and killed 79 % of unfed larvae, 88 % of unfed nymphs and 61 % of unfed adults of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in 24 h of exposure. Field trials were carried out to attract and kill the pre-parasitic environmental stages. The beads were dispersed onto specially designed devices and they were placed in infested kennels. The devices were observed after 10 days.
subcutaneous nodules in four cross bred Jersey cows aged 5-6 years brought for post mortem with calcified and caseated skin nodules in the lateral flank region is reported. Examination and dissection of these nodules revealed that they were "worm nests" of of filarid nematodes. The worm nests were carefully dissected and filarid worms were extracted out. Multiple numbers of worms were recovered from each nodule ranging from 15 to 20. Female worms were found inside the worm nests and were found to be filled with microfilariae. The nodules weighed 2-3 g. Based on the morphological features the worms were identified as
Control of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was attempted by utilizing sustained release preparations of synthetic analogues of assembly pheromones. The assembly pheromone, in defined ratio, was encapsulated using poly-ε-caprolactone by water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. In the in vitro bioassay, percent mortality with test microspheres was 95.6, 64 and 44 among the unfed larvae, unfed nymph and unfed adults respectively, 24 hours post-exposure. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of microspheres in luring and killing environmental stages of R. sanguineus in dog houses/kennels. Engorged and unfed stages in the environment were found adhered and dead on the specially designed lure.
Epidemiological studies on the incidence and prevalence of disease will help in the monitoring and surveillance of diseases thus preventing occurrence of an epidemic. This study focuses on the variations in the incidences of canine babesiosis over a period of 8 years in Chennai. Variations have been noticed to in the incidence of the species of Babesia affecting dogs. There has been an escalation in the incidence of B.gibsoni infection during the study period. The factors such as seasonal, age, sex and breed influences on the incidence have been studied.
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