On- and off-frequency compression at the 4000- and 8000-Hz cochlear places were estimated using a new version of the additivity of forward masking (AFM) technique, that measures the effects of combining two non-overlapping forward maskers. Instead of measuring signal thresholds to estimate compression of the signal as in the original AFM technique, the decrease in masker threshold in the combined-masker condition compared to the individual-masker conditions is used to estimate compression of the masker at the signal place. By varying masker frequency it is possible to estimate off-frequency compression. The maskers were 500-Hz-wide bands of noise, and the signal was a brief pure tone. Compression at different levels was estimated using different overall signal levels, or different masker-signal intervals. It was shown that the new AFM technique and the original AFM technique produce consistent results. Considerable compression was observed for maskers well below the signal frequency, suggesting that the assumption of off-frequency linearity used in other techniques may not be valid. Reducing the duration of the first masker from 200 to 20 ms reduced the compression exponent in some cases, suggesting a possible influence of olivocochlear efferent activity.

Auditory compression was estimated at 250 and 4000 Hz by using the additivity of forward masking technique, which measures the effects on signal threshold of combining two temporally nonoverlapping forward maskers. The increase in threshold in the combined-masker condition compared to the individual-masker conditions can be used to estimate compression. The signal was a 250 or 4000 Hz tone burst and the maskers ͑M1 and M2͒ were bands of noise. Signal thresholds were measured in the presence of M1 and M2 alone and combined for a range of masker levels. The results were used to derive response functions at each frequency. The procedure was conducted with normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. The results suggest that the response function in normal ears is similar at 250 and 4000 Hz with a mid level compression exponent of about 0.2. However, compression extends over a smaller range of levels at 250 Hz. The results confirm previous estimates of compression using temporal masking curves ͑TMCs͒ without assuming a linear off-frequency reference as in the TMC procedure. The impaired ears generally showed less compression. Importantly, some impaired ears showed a linear response at 250 Hz, providing a further indication that low-frequency compression originates in the cochlea.

This paper presents a voiced/unvoiced determination algorithm using instantaneous frequency amplitude spectrum (IFAS) in adverse environment. The proposed algorithm measures the degree of periodicity of speech signal, defined as harmonicity measure, where the difference between voiced part and unvoiced speech can be quantitatively obtained. We describe a new technique for voicing decision using IFAS-based F0 evaluation function with variable window length and IF band selection. The proposed technique is evaluated with speech signal corrupted by additive white Gaussian, pink, and traffic noises. The results show that the proposed method outperforms ESPS, AMDF and TEMPO for both female and male speakers in all simulated conditions.

<span>In this study, we propose a multi-way array decomposition approach to solve the complexity of approximate joint diagonalization process for fault diagnosis of a motor-pump system. Sources used in this study came from  drive end-motor, nondrive end-motor , drive end pump , and nondrive end pump. An approximate joint diagonalization is a common approach to resolving an underdetermined cases in blind source separation. However, it has quite heavy computation and requires more complexity. In this study, we use an acoustic emission to detect faults based on multi-way array decomposition approach. Based on the obtained results, the difference types of machinery fault such as misalignment and outer bearing fault can be detected by vibration spectrum and estimated acoustic spectrum. The performance of proposed method is evaluated using MSE and LSD. Based on the results of the separation, the estimated signal of the nondrive end pump is the closest to the baseline signal compared to other signals with  LSD is 1.914 and MSE is 0.0707. The instantaneous frequency of the estimated source signal will also be compared with the vibration signal in frequency spectrum to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.</span>

Abstract-The main part of learning a language is pronunciation. In language learning method, pronunciation practice requires more portion than the language theory. There are some obstacles experienced by foreign learners to learn Indonesian because they are still strongly influenced by their mother tongue which is really different from Indonesian. There are some courses of learning Indonesian, indeed, but the foreign learners have to stay in Indonesia to join them. On the other hand, the researchers have successfully proven that the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can help the learners in learning a language. In this paper, we have developed a system of the Online Self-Learning of Indonesian Pronunciation for Foreign Learner using Indonesian Text to Audio Visual Speech which is able to help the foreign learners to overcome their obstacles in learning Indonesian, especially the pronunciation. This system consists of 2(two) application modules: Indonesian Text to Speech (ITTS) and Indonesian Text to Audio Visual Speech (ITTAVS). In order to find out whether this system is feasible or not for foreign learners' skill in pronouncing the Indonesian words, a subjective measurement using subjective test Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is used. We organized native speakers (Indonesians) as the participants of this test. Some of them are lecturers of Indonesian language and can be considered as experts. The average scores (using MOS scale) of the tests given showed a promising result. This system is dedicated to the foreign learners who need to improve their skill in pronouncing the Indonesian words accurately and to change the classical method of learning into a self-learning method.