Land management in the Krueng Jreu sub-watershed (Aceh Province, Indonesia) that did not follow soil and water conservation methods encouraged erosion. This can lead to silting of rivers or irrigation canals due to sediment deposition. Limited tools were the main reason for the infrequent measurement and mapping of these sediments in watersheds. Therefore, this study aims to conduct sedimentary mapping using GIS techniques combined with the sediment routing method to successfully produce a map of sediment assessment criteria for the Krueng Jreu sub-watershed area from 2010 to 2019. Rainfall and spatial data from the Krueng Jreu sub-watershed were analyzed to obtain several parameters of surface runoff, peak discharge, erodibility, slope, the value of ground cover, and land management. The results show that the Krueng Jreu sub-watershed was included in the wet climate type. The type of land use classification of savanna accounted for the most significant runoff, and land use type of open soil gave the smallest runoff. The maximum erosion found in the secondary dryland forest type land classification. It was known that the type of secondary dryland forest land use was the most significant contributor to sediment occurrence in the Krueng Jreu sub-watershed area.
Agricultural products have great potential to produce untapped farm-to-table agricultural waste. This can happen because the agricultural products are damaged before they reach consumers and become agricultural waste. Therefore, paper aims to investigate the macronutrient content of the compost and liquid organic fertilizer using agricultural waste as the main ingredient. There are two treatments for making compost, namely the composition of the main ingredients (rice straw + lamtoro, rice straw + corn stalks, and lamtoro + corn stalks) and the composition of the supporting material in the form of livestock manure (cow dung, goat manure, and chicken manure). There are five treatment sources of the main raw materials for making liquid organic fertilizer tested, namely banana peel, papaya peel, pineapple skin, tomato, and cassava peel. Macro parameters in the form of N, P, K, and C content were measured using the Kjeldahl, Bray, AAS, and Walkle and Black methods, respectively. The C/N ratio was calculated by comparing the content of C and N. Furthermore, data were analyzed using statistical parameters in the form of ANOVA and DMRT. Making compost with the main ingredients of agricultural waste and supporting materials from livestock manure has a significant effect on macronutrient content in compost. Apart from that, the production of liquid organic fertilizer with the main ingredient of agricultural waste significantly affects the macronutrient content of liquid organic fertilizer produced.
Land used for residence and agriculture is a source of life, especially in Indonesia. This is because most of the sources of livelihood, especially those living at the sub-district level, are mostly engaged in agricultural activities. Therefore, land data collection is very important, starting at the sub-district level. Unfortunately, the information system that supports this does not yet exist, especially in the Sukabumi district. Hence, this study to overview and use a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) for land mapping, especially in Sukabumi District, Indonesia. The method used in this study was to conduct interviews with land officials at the sub-district level and several communities in the area. Information system problems from potential users are then addressed by designing a web-based information system and integrating it with GIS applications. The developed information system provides menus and sub-menus adapted to the needs of potential users. So far, the information system has been accessible and can help land officials at the sub-district level and several communities in the area. This will provide the level of detailed information that local communities need in responding to information related to their lands to minimize social conflicts.
Cutting betel nut machines are increasingly being designed by engineers using local material. However, the performance of the cutting betel nut machine is influenced by the moisture content of the betel nut and the rotational speed of the machine. In this study, the performance of cutting a betel nut machine under moisture content of betel nut and rotational speed of the machine was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function. Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with RSM and desirability function was employed to evaluate the impact of moisture content of betel nut (34.68–50.54%, w.b.) and rotational speed (600–1000 rpm) on machine capacity (kg/hr), efficiency (%), and losses (%) responses. The desirability function was then used to optimize moisture content and rotational speed yielding maximum machine capacity and efficiency at lower losses. Three verification experiments were run to ensure the empirical relationships were valid. Optimum requirements of process parameters have been seen at which moisture content of 50.54% (w.b.) and rotational speed of 1000 rpm was achieved in maximum machine capacity of 44.16 kg/hr at higher efficiency (92.72%) and lower losses (6.31%). The model's conclusions were very consistent with the confirmed values. The results proved that an appropriate performance of the machine can be achieved using moisture content of betel nut and rotational speed of machine cutting betel nut.
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