To overcome the loss in terms of mortality and morbidity as the result of the restriction of in-feed antibiotics, many alternatives have been proposed. Yeast cultures as feed additives have various physiological activities in ruminants. Supplementing yeast makes it possible to stimulate the growth of specific rumen microorganisms which ultimately improves the growth of ruminants. This study was designed to analyze the potential effect of green culture, a feed supplement with fermented yeast, in growth performance and immune status of Hanwoo steers. A total of 30 animals were divided into two experimental groups: Control and Green Culture. For each group, five pens were used. Three 6 to 8 months old Hanwoo steers were housed per pen. In-vitro rumen fermentation by the green culture was done to generate base evidence to reflect the In-vivo field trial results. It was found out that, the average daily gain of the treatment group (0.93±0.04kg) supplemented with green culture was significantly higher (p-value less than 0.05) than that of the control group (0.84±0.10kg). In-vitro, ruminal fermentation analysis showed that the total volatile acid content increased with the addition of green yeast culture. These results suggested that the ruminal digestibility of nutrients improved which is reflected in the increase in body weight. Moreover, there was an increase of acetic acid production, in the treatment group supplemented with GC, which is reported to be related to the formation of lipid precursor cells. Therefore, green culture seems to improve the growth of Hanwoo steers as well as their meat quality.
Increase in marbling is one of the essential factors for enhancement of tenderness in beef. Adipogenesis; the main contributor in marbling, consists of two stages: preadipocyte determination and adipocyte differentiation. Preadipocyte determination occurs even from growing stage, while adipocyte differentiation occurs in fattening stage of beef cattle. The effectiveness of nutritional and hormonal challenges to enhance adipogenesis is important to design a least-cost production. The influence of nutrition and hormone was found on adipogenesis in stromal vascular cells isolated from native Hanwoo beef cattle adipose tissue. In this study, high level of acetate, which is the most predominant volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen, was effectively increased preadipocyte determination in stromal vascular cells, while high level of propionate was observed to effectively support adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, a high level of testosterone was observed to decrease adipogenesis. This study suggests that acetate is preferred in the growing stage and propionate in the fattening stage. Furthermore, low concentration of testosterone is favorable for the preadipocyte determination of progenitor cells as well as adipocyte differentiation.
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